首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In describing the way a seafloor disturbance such as movement along a fault reshapes the sea surface into a tsunami, mode
In describing the way a seafloor disturbance such as movement along a fault reshapes the sea surface into a tsunami, mode
admin
2011-01-17
25
问题
In describing the way a seafloor disturbance such as movement along a fault
reshapes the sea surface into a tsunami, modelers assume the sea-surface
displacement is identical to that of the ocean bottom, but direct measurements
Line of seafloor motion have never been available. Researchers presently use an
(5) idealized model of the quake: they assume that the crustal plates slip past one
another along a simple, rectangular plane. As modelers scramble to guide
tsunami survey teams immediately after an earthquake, only the orientation of
the assumed fault plane and the quake’s location, magnitude and depth can be
interpreted from the seismic data alone.
(10) As all other parameters must be estimated, this first simulation frequently
underestimates inundation, which can signify that the initial tsunami height was
also understated when the single-plane fault model distributes seismic energy
over too large an area. Analyses of seismic data cannot resolve energy
distribution patterns any shorter than the seismic waves themselves, which
(15) extend for several hundred kilometers, but long after the tsunami strikes land,
modelers can work backward from records of run-up and additional earthquake
data to refine the tsunami’s initial height. For example, months of aftershocks
eventually reveal patterns of seismic energy that are concentrated in regions
much smaller than the original, single-plane fault model assumed. When seismic
(20) energy is focused in a smaller area, the vertical motion of the seafloor-and
therefore the initial tsunami height-is greater. Satisfactory simulations are
difficult, but improve immeasurably scientists’ ability to make better
predictions.
Propagation of the tsunami transports seismic energy away from the
(25) earthquake site through undulations of the water, just as shaking moves the
energy through the earth. At this point, the wave height is so small compared
with both the wavelength and the water depth that researchers can apply linear
wave theory, which predicts that the velocity of tsunami increases with the
depth of the water and the length of the wave. This dependence of wave speed
(30) on water depth means that refraction by bumps and grooves on the seafloor can
shift the wave’s direction, especially as it travels into shallow water. In
particular, wave fronts tend to align parallel to the shoreline so that they wrap
around a protruding headland before smashing into it with greatly focused
incident energy. At the same time, each individual wave must also slow down
(35) because of the decreasing water depth, so they begin to overtake one another,
decreasing the distance between them in a process called shoaling. Refraction
and shoaling squeeze the same amount of energy into a smaller volume of water,
creating higher waves and faster currents. In the last stage of evolution,
inundation and run-up, in which a tsunami may run ashore as a breaking wave or
(40) a wall of water or a tide-like flood, the wave height is now so large that it is
difficult to assess the complicated interaction between the water and the shoreline.
The primary function of the passage as a whole is to
选项
A、introduce a new explanation of a physical phenomenon
B、explain how a physical phenomenon is measured and described
C、illustrate the limitations of applying mathematics to complicated physical phenomena
D、indicate the direction that research into a particular physical phenomenon should take
E、clarify the differences between an old explanation of a physical phenomenon and a new model of it
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Y6jO777K
本试题收录于:
GRE VERBAL题库GRE分类
0
GRE VERBAL
GRE
相关试题推荐
John:I’mtired.I’mhavingnextweekoff.Lily:______Thebreakwilldoyougood.
Marie:Hey,Greg.Let’sgototheCountyShowthisweekend.Greg:______Ihavetodomyschoolproject,remember?
SpeakerA:Don’tbesad,I’msurethingswillchangeforthebettersoon.SpeakerB:______
Noneofusknewhowthechangehadcome______.
Ofcourseacertainamountofdependenceonothersisnotonlygood,butnecessary.Childrenmustbedependentontheirparent
ManyUnitedStatescompanieshave,unfortunately,madethesearchforlegalprotectionfromimportcompetitionintoamajorline
Whensoilisplowedinthespring,pigweedseedsthathavebeenburiedinthesoilallwinterarechurneduptothesurfaceand
Inthefigureattheright,thelegsoffighttriangleACBarediametersofthetwosemicircles.IfAB=4,whatisthesumoft
A、aco-evolutionaryargumentisunnecessarytoestablishingthatrain-forestadaptationistheeffectofhumaninterventionB、pl
ENRICH:
随机试题
"SubstanceAbuse"—SevereAnxietytoSocietyTechnically,anysubstanceotherthanfoodthataltersourbodilyor【W1】______fu
患者女性,35岁,G1P1,2年前顺娩一女孩。放置宫内节育器后10个月,经量增多症状仍不见好转,要求取出IUD后改用其他避孕方法。该患者不存在放置皮下埋植剂的禁忌证,在术前咨询中有关皮下埋植避孕的表述正确的是
4岁,男孩,面容特殊,眼距宽,鼻梁平,舌厚肥大,面部臃肿,皮肤粗糙,头发干稀,智力低下,身高80cm,腕部X线检查显示一枚骨化中心,最可能的诊断是
消火栓箱按箱门型式可分为()。
甲企业为客户生产一台专用设备。双方约定,如果甲企业能够在30天内交货,则可以额外获得100股客户的股票作为奖励。合同开始日,该股票的价格为每股5元。由于缺乏执行类似合同的经验,当日,甲企业估计该100股股票的公允价值计入交易价格将不满足累计已确认的收入极可
夫妻中的一方死亡后,家庭财产由()继承。
在我国教育史上,最早试图用马克思主义观点研究教育问题的是()。
警察是一个历史范畴,是人类社会一定历史阶段的产物。哪些学说不包括该观点?()
甲,22岁,因为盗窃罪被判处有期徒刑10年,在狱中执行6年后,因表现良好被假释。假释考验期满后的第三年,甲又盗窃他人汽车一辆。法院在审理此案时,发现甲曾经在假释考验期的第二年还犯有强奸罪。甲的第二个盗窃罪,成立累犯吗?为什么?
MangroveResortSpecialPackagesBaskinclearbeachwatersatMangroveResortandenjoyfive-startreatmentinourluxuriousr
最新回复
(
0
)