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  3. When Christian Bernard, a South African doctor, performed the first human heart transplant in 1967, the result was a worldwide m

When Christian Bernard, a South African doctor, performed the first human heart transplant in 1967, the result was a worldwide m

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问题     When Christian Bernard, a South African doctor, performed the first human heart transplant in 1967, the result was a worldwide moral debate on the ethics of transplanting organs. Hearts were not the first human organs to be transplanted but, in this case, if a donor gave his or her heart, he or she would obviously and necessarily die. Undoubtedly, another reason why the first heart transplant was so controversial was the fact that we associate so many personality traits with the heart. Questions were asked of the type: "If a person had a different heart, would he still be the same person?" or "If doctors needed a dying person’s heart, would they tend to declare him dead prematurely?" and so on.
    Since that time, surgical techniques and techniques to help prevent the patient’s immunological systems from rejecting new organs have developed very quickly. Today, not only hearts and kidneys, but also such extremely delicate organs as lungs and livers, are transplanted. These developments have led to a far higher proportion of successful operations and this, in turn, has led to greater demand for transplants. At the same time, many of the original moral questions surrounding heart transplants have been almost forgotten.
    However, as a result of the heavy demand for organs, a new moral dilemma has emerged. For example, in the United States there are many people who would survive if lungs were available for transplanting. In fact, about 80% of them die before a suitable donor is found. Under these circumstances who would decide if a donor were found whose lungs were equally suitable for two potential recipients? Who would decide which patient should get the organ? Would it be the doctor? Or the donor? Or the family? If such a dilemma developed it would be very difficult to resolve--and it would be a matter of life or death to the patients involved.
The new moral dilemma is caused by ______.
选项 A、high death rate of heart transplants
B、too low a proportion of successful operations
C、delicate organs being transplanted
D、too few human organs for too many recipients
答案D
解析
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