首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
"Museum" is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival
"Museum" is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival
admin
2013-01-30
49
问题
"Museum" is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Plato’s Academy and Aristotle ’ s Lyceum had a mouseion, a muses’ shrine. Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art, many temples—notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is still lit)—had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters, while paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.
The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition. Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant "Muses’ shrine" .
The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasteries—which focused on the gold-enshrined, bejewelled relics of saints and martyrs. Princes, and later merchants, had similar collections, which became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and so on. They also included coins and gems—often antique engraved ones—as well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.
At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not "collected either; but "site-specific", and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went on inside them—and most of the buildings were public ones. However, during the revival of antiquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any contemporary, so that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulation; and so could be considered Muses’ shrines in the former sense. The Medici garden near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early "inspirational" collections. Soon they multiplied, and, gradually, exemplary "modern" works were also added to such galleries.
In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age of revolutions and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived: the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century, museum funding took off, allied to the rise of new wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized , the Museum-Insel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built. In Vienna, the huge Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste with it) inspired the creation of "improving" collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous , as well as perhaps the largest of them.
Which is the main idea of the passage?
选项
A、Collections and collectors.
B、The evolution of museums.
C、Modern museums and their functions.
D、The birth of museums.
答案
B
解析
文章内容主要讲述了Museum一词一直处于变化当中,从古希腊到古罗马,再到近代的变化。由此得出,答案是B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Y9hi777K
0
在职申硕(同等学力)英语
相关试题推荐
AfterAteachinginXiamenUniversity’sMBAcenterforoverfiveyears,IBcometorealizethatCevenifpoliticalandeconomicb
Anthropologyisthestudyofhumanbeingsascreaturesofsociety.Itfastensitsattentionuponthosephysicalcharacteristics
Revengeisoneofthosethingsthateveryoneenjoys.Peopledon’tliketotalkaboutit,though.Justthesame,thereisnothing
Thecentury-oldhostilitiesbetweenthetwotribeseventuallyterminatedthroughthepersistenteffortsofthelocalgovernment.
Therearesomethingsintheclasstheteacherswillnotputupwith.
Thesentence"mostofthebestthingshavealreadybeenlocated"couldmean______.Thebesttitleofthispassagecanbe______.
Ilivein(an)apartmentwhere(you)don’thave(any)sunandso(can’t)evengrowanythinginaflowerpot.
Afrequentlycitedexampleoftheendangeredspeciesisthepanda.
Oneofthemostwidelydiscussedsubjectsthesedaysisenergycrisis.Automobiledriverscannotgetgasoline;homeownersmayno
MostAmericanmagazinesandnewspapersreserve60percentoftheirpagesforads.TheNewYorkTimesSundayedition【1】maycontai
随机试题
企业为取得补缺基点,可在_______等方面实行专业化。()
下列哪一项叙述不是自身免疫病的原因
少阳表里同病腹痛的表现是
()可以计算一国或地区的经济增长速度。
具有商业性质的职业导游,产生于()。
某人共收集邮票若干张,其中是2007年以前的国内发行的邮票,是2008年国内发行的,是2009年国内发行的,此外尚有不足100张的国外邮票。则该人共有()张邮票。
设两个相互独立的事件A和B都不发生的概率为,A发生B不发生的概率与B发生A不发生的慨率相等,则P(A)=_______.
下面有关this指针的叙述中,正确的是()。
一个汉字的机内码与国标码之间的差别是()。
Whatisthespeakermainlydiscussing?
最新回复
(
0
)