首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, ta
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, ta
admin
2023-01-17
124
问题
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, taxpayers who wish to should be able to read about it without further expense. And science advances through cross-fertilization between projects. Barriers to that exchange slow it down.
There is a widespread feeling that the journal publishers who have mediated this exchange for the past century or more are becoming an impediment to it. One of the latest converts is the British government. Recently it announced that, the results of taxpayer-financed research would be available, free and online, for anyone to read and redistribute.
Britain’s government is not alone. Soon the European Union followed suit. In the U.S., the National Institutes of Health (NM, the single biggest source of civilian research funds in the world) has required open-access publishing since 2008. And the Wellcome Trust, a British foundation that is the world’s second-biggest charitable source of scientific money, after the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, also insists that those who receive its support should make their work available free.
Criticism of journal publishers usually boils down to two things. One is that their processes take months, when the Internet could enable them to take days. The other is that because each paper is like a mini-monopoly, which workers in the field have to read if they are to advance their own research, there is no incentive to keep the price down. The publishers thus have scientists—or, more accurately, their universities, which pay the subscriptions—in an armlock. That, combined with the fact that the raw material (manuscripts of papers) is free, leads to generous returns. In 2011, Elsevier, a large Dutch publisher, made a profit of £768 million on revenues of £2.06 billion—a margin of 37 percent. Indeed, Elsevier’s profits are thought so
egregious
by many people that 12,000 researchers have signed up to boycott the company’s journals.
Publishers do provide a service. They organize peer reviews, in which papers are criticized anonymously by experts (though those experts, like the authors of papers, are seldom paid for what they do). They also
sort the scientific sheep from the goats
, by deciding what gets published, and where. That gives the publishers huge power. Since researchers, administrators and grant-awarding bodies all take note of which work has got through this filtering mechanism, the competition to publish in the best journals is intense, and the system becomes self-reinforcing, increasing the value of those journals still further.
But not, perhaps, for much longer. Support has been swelling for open-access scientific-publishing: doing it online, in a way that allows anyone to read papers free of charge. The movement started among scientists themselves, but governments are paying attention and asking whether they might also benefit from the change.
Much remains to be worked out. Some fear the loss of the traditional journals’ curation and verification of research. Even Sir Mark Walport, the director of the Wellcome Trust and a fierce advocate of open-access publication, worries that the newly liberated papers have ended up in different places rather than being consolidated in the way they want.Arevolution, then, has begun. Technology permits it; researchers and politicians want it. If scientific publishers are not trembling in their boots, they should be.
The word "egregious" underlined in Paragraph 4 means________.
选项
A、somewhat unfavorable
B、rather unnecessary
C、strikingly unavailable
D、clearly bad
答案
D
解析
本题为词义题。egregious意为“极坏的,过分的”,D项clearly bad“明显不好的,明显坏的”与之意思最为接近。A项“多少不让人喜欢的”、B项“非常不必要的”和C项“令人吃惊地无法获取的”,均不符合。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/YCcD777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI二级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI二级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshou
AdecadeagobiologistsidentifiedaremoteprotectedareainnorthernLaos,calledNamEt-PhouLouey,asthecountry’sprobable
AdecadeagobiologistsidentifiedaremoteprotectedareainnorthernLaos,calledNamEt-PhouLouey,asthecountry’sprobable
AdecadeagobiologistsidentifiedaremoteprotectedareainnorthernLaos,calledNamEt-PhouLouey,asthecountry’sprobable
Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave【C1】________thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomedi
Howseriouslyshouldparentstakekids’opinionswhensearchingforahome?Inchoosinganewhome,CamilleMcClain’skidsh
ThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain,particularlyfromDonaldTrump."Wedon’tmakeanythinganymore,"he
Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsugge
Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)in
Rowethinksacivilizedlifeismadepossiblebypeopledoing________.
随机试题
某男,57岁,3年来反复咯血,咳黏稠痰,低热,伴消瘦,活动后气短,乏力,X线胸片示右肺上叶后段片状及条索状阴影,并有透亮区,胸廓下陷,气管右移。最可能的诊断是()
利用图章工具可以进行图像修复()。
为了适应各种类型生产的特点和管理要求,产品成本计算对象不外乎就是【】
关于急性胆囊炎的临床特点的描述错误的是
桂林三宝是指()。
请结合实际谈谈教学中如何激发学生的学习动机。
全面深化改革的总目标是完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度,推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。其中的“治理”和“管理”没有区别,只是说法的改变。
一班同学围成一圈,每位同学的两侧都是异性同学,则该班的同学人数()。
设f(x,y)=则fx(0,1)()
宽带ISDN可以提供 Ⅰ.可视电话 Ⅱ.电于邮件 Ⅲ.图文电视 Ⅳ.会议电视 Ⅴ.档案检索等业务 在这些业务中,属于会话型业务的有
最新回复
(
0
)