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  3. You’re sitting at a restaurant waiting for a friend. Twenty minutes after your designated meeting time, they arrive in a flutter

You’re sitting at a restaurant waiting for a friend. Twenty minutes after your designated meeting time, they arrive in a flutter

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问题     You’re sitting at a restaurant waiting for a friend. Twenty minutes after your designated meeting time, they arrive in a flutter with a list of excuses. Perhaps there was too much traffic or a meeting ran long. You’ve heard it a million times, yet their behavior never changes. Sound familiar?
    " I think everyone has a person in their life that does this," said Herb Reich, author of the book 2051 Things That Really Piss Me Off. " Being late constantly, to me, means you are saying your time is more valuable than mine. "
    Reich said while it’s easier to forgive friends and family for their lateness, we need to establish very clear boundaries for being on time when it comes to professional relationships. " Sometimes I will establish consequences in the contract," he said, " It’s always wise to let people know what you feel about their behavior. "
    And while Reich said lateness is a "personality trait," psychologist Pamela Brand said the behavior is neurological(神经学的). "We call this a bio-psycho-socio pattern," Brand said.
    The biological cause of lateness, she said, is when the person’s organization and planning skills are underdeveloped. Socially, she said there can be learned behaviors or cultural communities that don’t focus on time or being prompt.
    "If someone wasn’t raised ever looking at a watch, and things were kind of loose growing up, just knowing this can help us understand why they function a certain way," she said.
    The psychological part of the pattern is when a person pardons or rationalizes their behavior with excuses, Brand said.
    So can people change their ways?
    "It’s my belief that all patterns can be changed if a person is conscious and wants it to be changed," Brand said. " There’s a book called You Are Not Your Brain that I refer to often that outlines a four-step process of changing patterns in the brain. It does a wonderful job of giving a clear explanation of how patterns develop, how they are hard wired into the brain and how to shift patterns to support neurological shifting.
    "This could take six months for a neurological change to stick," she said.
    To lend support for someone who is trying to be more punctual, Brand said it helps to raise the stakes.
    "A person is much less likely to be motivated if there are no consequences," Brand said. " If there is no threat to losing a relationship, losing a job or getting kicked out of school, things will stay the same. So if being late bothers you, you have to really make the contract clear. "
    Reich agrees. "Once, I was waiting for someone in my professional life, and after 15 minutes, I left," he said. " I explained why I did this, and that changed their behavior. My time is just as valuable as theirs and I don’t want to sit around. They weren’t late after that. "  
According to Brand,______.
选项 A、it may take six months to make a neurological change effective
B、behavior that is hard wired into the brain is impossible to change
C、willingness is a decisive factor for changing a behavior pattern
D、processes of changing patterns in the brain should be comprehended
答案A
解析 推理判断题。本题主要考查对布莱德所说内容的理解。定位句指出，布莱德认为要使神经系统上的改变持久牢靠，可能要花上六个月的时间，故本题答案为A)。B)“那些已经在脑中根深蒂固的行为是不可能改变的”，文章倒数第五段提到，布莱德相信，如果一个人有意想要改变，那么所有的行为模式都是可以改变的，B)的逻辑关系与原文相反，故排除；C)“一个人是否自愿是改变行为模式最关键性的因素”属推断过度，故排除；D)“人们需要理解行为模式在大脑中的改变过程”文章并没有提及，故排除。
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