首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
But the real world eventually penetrates even the ivory tower. Exactly how humanity became human is still a matter of debate. Bu
But the real world eventually penetrates even the ivory tower. Exactly how humanity became human is still a matter of debate. Bu
admin
2016-08-02
42
问题
But the real world eventually penetrates even the ivory tower. Exactly how humanity became human is still a matter of debate. But there are. at least, some well-formed hypotheses.【F1】
What these hypotheses have in common is that they rely not on Spencer’s idea of individual competition, but on social interaction.
That interaction is. indeed, sometimes confrontational and occasionally bloody. But it is frequently collaborative, and even when it is not. it is more often manipulative than violent.
Modern Darwinism’s big breakthrough was the identification of the central role of trust in human evolution. People who are related collaborate on the basis of nepotism.【F2】
It takes outrageous profit or provocation for someone to do down a relative with whom they share a lot of genes. Trust, though. allows the unrelated to collaborate, by keeping score of who docs what when, and punishing cheats.
Very few animals can manage this. Indeed, outside the primates, only vampire bats have been shown to trust non relatives routinely.【F3】
(Well-fed bats will give some of the blood they have swallowed to hungry neighbours, but expect the favour to be returned when they are hungry and will deny favours to those who have cheated in the past.)
【F4】
The human mind, however, seems to have evolved the trick of being able to identify a large number of individuals and to keep score of its relations with them, delecting the dishonest or greedy and taking vengeance, even at some cost to itself.
This process may even be—as Matt Ridley, who wrote for this newspaper a century and a half after Spencer, described it—the origin of virtue.
The new social Darwinists(those who see society itself, rather than the savannah or the jungle, as the "natural" environment in which humanity is evolving and to which natural selection responds)have not abandoned Spencer altogether, of course. But they have put a new spin on him. The ranking by wealth of which Spencer so approved is but one example of a wider tendency for people to try to out-do each other. And that competition, whether athletic, artistic or financial, does seem to be about genetic display.【F5】
Unfakeable demonstrations of a superiority that has at least some underlying genetic component arc almost unfailingly attractive to the opposite sex. Thus both of the things needed to make an economy work, collaboration and competition, seem to have evolved under Charles Darwin ’ s penetrating gaze.
【F1】
选项
答案
这些假说的共同点在于它们不是依赖斯宾塞有关个体之间竞争的观点,而是依赖社会交往互动。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/YIoZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Youarewhatyoueat,orsothesayinggoes.ButRichardWrangham,ofHarvardUniversity,believesthatthisistrueinamorep
Whatmakesagreathighschool?Americansthinkalotofthingsdo,fromoutstandingacademicsorasupportiveenvironmentfors
JohnStuartMillarguedinthe19thcenturythatanindividualshouldbefreetodoashepleased,solongashedidnotharman
Icametofeminismthewaysomepeoplecometosocialmovementsintheirearlyyears:outofself-interest.Igotontheequalit
WhenGeorgeBushleftthepresidencyonJanuary20th,manyAmericanswerekeentoturnthepage.Theyhavewarmlywelcomedanew
Humanity’sgreatestaccomplishmentofthepastfivedecades,declaredBillGatesthisweek,isthereductioninthenumberofde
Humanity’sgreatestaccomplishmentofthepastfivedecades,declaredBillGatesthisweek,isthereductioninthenumberofde
Inresponsetoscandalsrockingthestudentloanindustry,theHousehasquicklypassedreformlegislationtorequiremorediscl
随机试题
五年级一班的班主任刘老师下课回到办公室不久,几名学生就慌慌张张地来报告:“王明和于阁又打起来了。”刘老师赶紧去教室。在路上他了解到,原来王明碰掉了于阁放在桌角的书,于阁让王明捡起来时讲话的语气很不客气,王明不服气,两个人没说几句就动手打起来了。从失范行为的
WanttheRightThingTight-lippedeldersusedtosay,"It’snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyou【W1】________Psyc
一名12岁儿童于口腔科就诊,家长要求行龋病的预防若医生推荐做窝沟封闭防龋,该年龄最适宜封闭的牙是
静咏肾盂造影中引起迷走神经反应综合征的原因是
铸造全冠牙体预备正确的步骤不包括
期货合约设计成标准化的合约是为了便于交易双方进行实物交割。( )
下列属于证券公司章程中重要条款的是()。Ⅰ.证券公司的解散事由Ⅱ.证券公司的清算办法Ⅲ.证券公司组织机构及其产生办法Ⅳ.聘任律师事务所程序
下列哪种权利救济方式不属于我国法律规定的教育权法律救济方式()。
[*]
【1】【2】
最新回复
(
0
)