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  3. For years, Europeans have been using "smart cards" to pay their way through the day. They use them in shops and restaurants; plu

For years, Europeans have been using "smart cards" to pay their way through the day. They use them in shops and restaurants; plu

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问题     For years, Europeans have been using "smart cards" to pay their way through the day. They use them in shops and restaurants; plug them into public telephones and parking meters. In France smart cards cover anything from a biscuit bill to a swimming-pool entry fee. In America, smart cards are not nearly so common-only about 430,000 are now circulating in the US and Canada-but Forrester Research of Cambridge, Mass., predicts that number will balloon to 4.7 million by the year 2002.
    What is a smart card, exactly, and how does it work?
    Also called a chip card because of the tiny microprocessor embedded in it, a smart card looks a lot like the other plastic in your wallet. To make things more confusing, some smart cards pull double duty as regular ATM bank cards. The difference is that when you swipe your ATM (or debit) card at the grocery-store checkout, you’re draining cash from your bank account. Smart cards, on the other hand, are worthless unless they are "loaded" with ash value, pulled directly from your bank account or traded for currency. The chip keeps track of the amounts stored and spent. The advantage, in theory, is convenience: consumers bother less with pocket change and are able to use plastic even at traditionally cash-only vendors. The electronic transaction doesn’t require a signature, a PIN number or bank approval. Downside: lose the card, lose the money.
    Most people are probably more familiar with stored-value cards equipped only with a magnetic stripe, such as fare cards issued to riders on the Washington metro or the New York City subway. The newer Chip-enhanced versions armed with more memory and processing power, have popped up in various places in the past year or so, from college campuses to military bases to sports stadiums. Other experiments are under way. A healthcare claims processor in Indianapolis, Ind., hopes smart cards will streamline medical bill payments. In Ohio, food-stamp recipients receive a smart card rather than paper vouchers.
    Smart cards issued for general commerce are rarer, unless you happen to live in a place designated for a test run, such as Manhattan’s Upper West Side. But big banks and plastic-purveying kings Visa and Master Card are hot for the idea, promising more extensive trials and more elaborate, multipurpose cards capable of rendering everything else you carry-plastic, paper or coin-superfluous.
    Today’s smart cards may not be revolutionizing the way we buy the morning paper yet, but they could turn out to be the right tool to spur Internet commerce and banking. For the time being, though, smart cards are just another way to buy stuff. And it could be a while before even that catches on. Remember: some people still don’t quite trust ATMs either.
According to the passage, one difference between a smart card and an ordinary ATM card is that a smart card ______.
选项 A、has fewer functions
B、can double as a credit card
C、draws money from your bank account every time it is used
D、requires payment in advance for its buying power
答案D
解析 第三段说“Smart cards are worthless unless they are ’loaded’ with ash value…”智能卡本身一文不值，必须先充值。因此，D项为正确答案。
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