首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Partly due to a historical development marked by worldwide colonialism, urbanization, and globalization, in the course of this c
Partly due to a historical development marked by worldwide colonialism, urbanization, and globalization, in the course of this c
admin
2015-05-24
44
问题
Partly due to a historical development marked by worldwide colonialism, urbanization, and globalization, in the course of this century humankind is likely to experience its most extreme cultural loss. As K David Harrison notes in When Languages Die, "The last speakers of probably half of the world’s languages are alive today." Their children or grandchildren are pressured to speak only the dominant language of their community or country. Under one estimate, more than 50% of the 6,900 or so languages identified nowadays are expected to become extinct in a matter of a few decades.
The precise criteria for what counts as a distinct language are controversial—especially those regarding closely related linguistic systems, which are often inaccurately referred to as dialects of the same language. The problem is complicated by the insufficiency of studies about the grammar of many of the world’s endangered languages. In addition, from a cognitive standpoint any two groups of individuals whose languages are mutually intelligible may in fact have distinct mental grammars.
As a cognitive system, a language shows dynamic properties that cannot exist independently of its speakers. This is the sense in which the Anatolian languages and Dalmatian are extinct Therefore, language preservation depends on the maintenance of the native-speaking human groups. Unfortunately, the most accelerated loss of distinct languages takes place where economic development is rapid, worsening the breakdown of minority communities that speak different languages. In this perspective, a language often begins to die long before the passing of the last speaker New generations may start using it only for limited purposes, increasingly shifting to the community’s dominant language. In this process, knowledge of the dying language erodes both at the individual level and at the community level.
Linguistic diversity itself may be the worst loss at stake, because it may be the most promising and precise source of evidence for the range of variation allowed in the organization of the human cognitive system. For instance, Harrison discusses many strategies for manipulating quantities across languages, often endangered ones. The rapid loss of linguistic diversity substantially hinders comparative investigation about the multiple ways in which a single cognitive domain can be organized.
Linguists are well aware that their efforts alone cannot prevent this loss. Community involvement, especially with government support, has proven essential in slowing or even reversing language loss in different cases (e.g., Basque and Irish). Crucially, endangered languages must be acquired by new generations of speakers. Here the biological metaphor adopted by Harrison applies appropriately-documentation of dead languages is akin to a fossil record, providing only partial clues about complex cognitive systems.
The start of language dying is indicated by
选项
A、the disappearance of its last speakers.
B、the fact that new generations stop using it.
C、the official ban on speaking it.
D、its new generations’ decreased use of it.
答案
D
解析
推理判断题。根据题干中的start of language dying定位到第三段。该段倒数第二句提到,新一代的人可能会只为特定目的才使用本族语言并转而越来越多地使用强势语言,使得该语言逐渐消失。故D项为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/YN74777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Marriage,anditsmanyupsanddowns,stilloften【C1】______theheadlinesonnewspapers,magazinesandtheairwaves.Nearly23mA
AboutPainPain,unfortunately,isahorriblenecessityoflife.Itprotectspeoplebyalertingthemtothingsthatmightin
NewToolstoResearchEarthquakeOnDecember16th,1811,theresidentsofNewMadrid,Missouri,werestartledoutoftheirb
NewToolstoResearchEarthquakeOnDecember16th,1811,theresidentsofNewMadrid,Missouri,werestartledoutoftheirb
McKinsey’sResearchPaperAboutReducingGreenhouseGasesMcKinseyReportonReducingGreenhouseGases:TheUnitedStatesco
TheAccountabilityofEducationFailureIhaveanunclewhowasforyearsaChicagopublicschoolteacher.Passionateandar
Cities,thelargestofhuman-madeenvironments,havehistoricallyalwaysassumedadominantroleinculturalissues.Eachcityo
Scientistsaresupposedtochangetheirminds.【F1】Havingadoptedtheirviewsonscientificquestionsbasedonanobjectiveevalu
Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41—45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA—Gt
Anindustrialsociety,especiallyoneascentralizedandconcentratedasthatofBritain,isheavilydependentoncertainessent
随机试题
股票按照股东权利和义务不同可分为______和______。
王先生前些年下岗后,自己创办了一家公司。公司开始只有不到十个人,所有人都直接由王先生负责。后来,公司发展很快,王先生就任命了一个副总经理,由他负责公司的日常事务并向他汇报,自己不再直接过问各部门的业务。在此过程中,该公司沟通网络的变化过程是(
可直接引起感染性发热的是
(2008)一额定电压为10kV的静电电容器,其容抗值为10.5Ω,接在6kV母线上,电容器在额定电压下供给母线的无功功率为()。
禁止危及广播电视信号监测设施的安全和损害其使用效能的行为包括()。
以下具体流程不属于风险管理部门所承担的是()。
学校教育在人的发展中起决定性作用。
数字化时代,文字记录方式发生革命性变革,随着电脑的普及,无纸化办公开始出现,一切全都在电脑中操作。无纸化办公、无笔化写字也进入百姓家,电脑对我们学习和工作来说带来很大变化,但也正是由于这种方便,助长了人们懒惰和僵化,“失写症”也随之而生。一项千百年来被人们
We’vehalvedthepriceofliterallythousandsofbooks,includinghundredsofbrandnewtitles.We’vealsotaken25%offaudiobo
BeforeWorldWarII,blacksintheNorthlivedinghettos,becausetheycouldnotaffordhousesoutsidethisarea.IntheSouth
最新回复
(
0
)