2. 外语
  3. Pamela: Business has an interest in enabling employees to care for children, because those children will be the customers, emplo

Pamela: Business has an interest in enabling employees to care for children, because those children will be the customers, emplo

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问题 Pamela: Business has an interest in enabling employees to care for children, because those children will be the customers, employees, and managers of the future. Therefore, businesses should adopt policies, such as day-care benefits, that facilitate parenting. Lee: No individual company, though, will be patronized, staffed, and managed only by its own employees’ children, so it would not be to a company’ s advantage to provide such benefits to employees when other companies do not. In which one of the following pairs consisting of argument and objection does the objection function most similarly to the way Lee’s objection functions in relation to Pamela’s argument?
选项 A、New roads will not serve to relieve this area’ s traffic congestion, because new roads would encourage new construction and generate additional traffic. Objection: Failure to build new roads would mean that traffic congestion would strangle the area even earlier.
B、Humanity needs clean air to breathe, so each person should make an effort to avoid polluting the air. Objection: The air one person breathes is affected mainly by pollution caused by others, so it makes no sense to act alone to curb air pollution.
C、Advertised discounts on products draw customers’ attention to the products, so advertised discounts benefit sales. Objection: Customers already planning to purchase a product accelerate buying to take advantage of advertised discounts, and thus subsequent sales suffer.
D、If people always told lies, then no one would know what the truth was, so people should always tell the truth. Objection: If people always told lies, then everyone would know that the truth was the opposite of what was said.
E、Human social institutions have always change so even if we do not know what those changes will be, we do know that the social institutions of the future will differ from those of the past. Objection: The existence of change in the past does not ensure that there will always be change in the future.
答案B
解析 Lee通过指出Pamela的论述中所用的证据的片面性，反对了Pamela的结论 在五个选项中只有(B)的反对项指出了它要反对的论述所用的证据的片面性，因此(B)是正确答案，(A)和(C)两选项通过指出某一活动可以预测的不良后果，来反对它要反对的论述；(D)选项通过反证法来进行反对；(E)选项通过指出社会制度变革的不可演绎性来反对未来的社会制度将不同于过去的社会制度的论述。
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