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  3. There are a variety of ways to think about the self. Two of the most widely used terms are self-concept and self-esteem. Self-co

There are a variety of ways to think about the self. Two of the most widely used terms are self-concept and self-esteem. Self-co

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问题     There are a variety of ways to think about the self. Two of the most widely used terms are self-concept and self-esteem. Self-concept generally refers to the totality of a complex, organized, and dynamic system of learned beliefs, attitudes and opinions that people bold about themselves, while self-esteem generally refers to how we feel about or how we value ourselves. There is a great deal of research which shows that the self-concept is, perhaps, the basis for all motivated behavior. It is the self-concept that gives rise to possible selves, and it is possible selves that create the motivation for behavior. Self-concept is related to self-esteem in that people who have good self-esteem have a clear differentiated self-concept. When people know themselves, they can maximize outcomes because they know what they can and cannot do. It would see, then that one way to impact self-esteem is to obey the somewhat outworn cliche of "Know thyself.
    There are several different components of self-concept: physical, academic, social and transpersonal. The physical aspect of self-concept relates to that which is concrete: what we look like, our sex, height, weight, and what kind of clothes we wear. Our academic self-concept relates to how well we do in school or how well we learn. The social self-concept describes how we relate to other people and the transpersonal self-concept describes how we relate to other supernatural or unknown on an emotional or spiritual level.
    Through self-reflection, people often come to view themselves in a new, more powerful way, and it is through this new, more power way of viewing the self that people can develop possible selves. We develop and maintain our self-concept by taking action and then reflecting on what we have done and what others tell us about what we have done. We reflect in comparison to our expectations and the exceptions of others and to the characteristics and accomplishments of others. Self-concept, thus is not innate, but is developed by the individual through interaction with the environment and reflecting on that interaction. This dynamic aspect of self-concept is important because it indicates that it can be modified or changed.
The author’s attitude towards the ideas of "know thyself is______.
选项 A、critical
B、positive
C、neutral
D、mixed
答案A
解析 根据文章第一段最后一句“It would see，then that one way to impact self-esteem is to obey thesomewhat outworn cliche of‘Know thyself．’”可知，一个影响自尊的方法就是遵从那个陈腐的话语“认识你自己”。所以，作者对“认识你自己”的观点是有批判意味的。据此判断，答案是A。
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