首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
If someone accidentally steps on your toe, it hurts. But does it hurt more if you think he did it deliberately? That, in essence
If someone accidentally steps on your toe, it hurts. But does it hurt more if you think he did it deliberately? That, in essence
admin
2010-11-02
40
问题
If someone accidentally steps on your toe, it hurts. But does it hurt more if you think he did it deliberately? That, in essence, is the question Kurt Gray and Daniel Wegner of Harvard University asked in a study they have just published in Psychological Science. And their answer is that it probably does.
Dr. Gray and Dr. Wegner did not actually step on people’s toes as part of their experiments. But they did arrange for them to receive electric shocks. Altogether, they induced a group of 43 students to participate with offers of academic credits or, failing that, cold cash.
On the day of the experiment, each participant was introduced to a study partner, whom he was told was another student participant but who was in fact an assistant of the two researchers. The students were then told about a number of tasks, which included matching colors, estimating numbers, judging musical pitches (音调) and assessing levels of discomfort. They were later asked to perform each of these tasks during a series of trials.
In truth, Dr. Gray and Dr. Wegner were interested only in the assessments of discomfort; the rest were mere blinds. In this task, a participant received an electric shock and was asked to evaluate the experience on a scale ranging from one (not at all uncomfortable) to seven (extremely uncomfortable).
During each trial, the participant saw a computer screen which displayed two potential tasks for that session. When assessing discomfort was one of these, the other was always evaluating the relative pitches of two tones. In this, as in the other trials, the participant was told that his partner in the next room would select which task he had to complete.
In fact, participants received an electric shock whenever assessment discomfort was one of the options displayed. But how they thought it had been administered had a crucial effect on their sense of pain. Half the time, the participants were told that their partner had chosen to shock them. The other half they were told that their partner had chosen not to shock them, but that the experimental plan meant this decision had been reversed.
On the one-to-seven scale that Dr. Gray and Dr. Wagner asked the participants to use to assess their pain, the students rated the strength of shocks they thought had been intentionally administered at 3.62, on average; those they thought unintentional averaged 3.00. The researchers also found the apparently unintentional shocks hurt progressively less as the experiment went on, whereas those perceived as deliberate continued to hurt as much.
It would seem, therefore, that malice not only carries a sting of its own. Compared with accidental pain, the sting also lasts longer.
What does the author tell us about the experiment by Dr. Gray and Dr. Wagner?
选项
A、Participants are arranged to step on each other’s toe.
B、The study partner is actually the assistant for the researchers.
C、The participants know beforehand researchers’ intention.
D、Participants have to complete exactly the same task Simultaneously.
答案
B
解析
细节题。第三段第一句提到...another student participant but who was in fact an assistant of the two researchers.,可见参与者的搭档其实是研究员的助手,B符合题意。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Yms7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
ACross-CulturalContext:Americans,Germans,andEnglishTheAmericans,theGermans,andtheEnglishsharesignificantport
TheTruthaboutLyingI’vebeenwantingtowriteonasubjectthatintriguesandchallengesme:thesubjectoflying.I’vef
A、Heishavingahardtimelettinghisapartment.B、Heprefershisoldtenanttothenewone.C、Heisnotaccustomedtolivingw
Lookatyourwatchforjustoneminute.Duringthatshortperiodoftime,thepopulationoftheworldhadincreasedbyeighty-fi
Itwasnotuntilthe19thcentury__________________(人们才认识到热是能量的一种形式).
A、Rentiswithinthebudgetofuniversitystudents.B、Bothroomendboardareoftenprovided.C、Studenthousingislocatedonca
A、Tryingtotelephonesomeone.B、Attendingaconcert.C、Waitinginline.D、Cancelingreservations.C对话开头就谈他们在买concerttickets。因此
A、40minutes.B、50minutes.C、45minutes.D、55minutes.C男士说上一辆公共汽车5分钟之前刚刚离开,女士说,每两辆公共汽车驶出间隔长达50分钟(every50minutes)。所以男士不得不再等待4
A、Threequartersofanhour.B、Tenminutes.C、Halfanhour.D、Aquarterofanhour.D对话中男士说假如我们想准点到机场就得快点了,现在已经8:30了,女士回答,只要半小时就
Totheaudience’sdisgust,TVadvertisements______intotheproceedingprogramsverytentofifteenminutes.
随机试题
引起植物光周期反应的敏感光质主要是
霍乱弧菌所致的腹泻为
A.有效波宽B.脉冲上升时间C.脉冲下降时间D.单相脉冲E.双相脉冲脉冲电流从脉冲起点上升至波峰顶点的时间是
生产经营单位的安全生产责任制大体可分为两个方面:一是()方面各级人员的安全生产责任制;二是()方面各职能部门的安全生产责任制。
国库券、金融债券、公司债券、股票等有价证券的清查方法与库存现金的清查方法完全不同。()
在经济周期与行业的分析中,消费品业、耐用品制造业以及其他需求收入弹性较高的行业属于典型的()行业。
甲公司拟收购乙上市公司。根据证券法律制度的规定,下列投资者中,如无相反证据,属于甲公司一致行动人的有()。(2007年)
开会前一小时发现会场的后背景有一个汉字写错了。你怎么办?
Idon’tthinkyoucangetaway.
(2010上项管)在构建信息安全管理体系中,应建立起一套动态闭环的管理流程,这套流程指的是______。
最新回复
(
0
)