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  3. In the decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent of the Black population of the United States left the South, where the ma

In the decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent of the Black population of the United States left the South, where the ma

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问题     In the decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent of the Black population of the United States left the South, where the majority of the Black population had been located, and migrated to northern states, with the largest number moving, it is claimed, between 1916 and 1918. It has been frequently assumed, but not proved, that most of the migrants in what has come to be called the Great Migration came from rural areas and were motivated by two concurrent factors: the collapse of cotton industry following boll-weevil infestation, which began in 1898, and increased demand in the North for labor following the cessation of European immigration caused by the outbreak of the first World War in 1914. This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrant’s subsequent lack of economic mobility in the North is tied to rural background, a background that implies unfamiliarity with urban living and alack of industrial skills.
    But the question of who actually left the South has never been investigated in detail. Although numerous investigations document a flight from rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the Great Migration, no one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to northern cities. Inl910 over 600, 000 Black workers, or ten percent of the Black work force reported themselves to be engaged in "manufacturing and mechanical pursuits", the federal census category roughly including the entire industrial sector. The Great Migration could easily have been made up entirely of this group and their families. It is perhaps surprising to argue that an employed population could be tempted to move, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South
    About thirty-five percent of the urban Black population in the South was engaged in skilled trades. Some were from the old artisan class of slavery — blacksmiths, masons, carpenters—which had a monopoly of certain trades, but they were gradually being pushed out by competition, mechanization, and obsolescence. The remaining sixty-five percent, mote recently urbanized, worked in newly developed industries — tobacco, lumber, coal and iron manufacture, and railroads. Wages in the South, however, were low, and Black workers were aware, through labor recruiters and the Black press, that they could earn more even as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the South. After the boll-weevil infestation, urban Black workers faced competition from the continuing influx of both Black and White rural workers, who were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for industrial jobs. Thus, a move north would be seen as advantageous to a group that was already urbanized and steadily employed, and the easy conclusion tying their subsequent economic problems in the North to their rural backgrounds comes into question.
The material in the passage would be most relevant to a long discussion of which of the following topics?
选项 A、The effect of migration on the regional economies of the United States following the First World War
B、The reasons for the subsequent economic difficulties of those who participated in the Great Migration
C、The transition for the subsequent economic difficulties of those who participated in the Great Migration.
D、The transition of the agricultural South following the boll-weevil infestation.
答案B
解析 主旨题。在第一段的最后一句和最后一段的内容可推出，作者讨论了大迁移后在移民身上随后出现的经济问题到底原因何在，作者反驳了乡村背景这一说法，提出了自己的新观点。故正确答案为B。
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