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  3. Influenza should not be dismissed as a trivial disease. It kills thousands of people every year at a very high cost to the econo

Influenza should not be dismissed as a trivial disease. It kills thousands of people every year at a very high cost to the econo

admin2010-02-21  80
问题    Influenza should not be dismissed as a trivial disease. It kills thousands of people every year at a very high cost to the economy, hits hardest the young and the elderly, and is most dangerous for people over the age of 65. Influenza is mainly a seasonal illness of the winter months, though in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia and the Pacific it can occur all the year round.
   The damaging effects of influenza can be prevented by immunization, but constant changes of antigenic specificity of the virus necessitate a different composition of the vaccine (疫苗) from one year to another. The network of WHO surveillance activities to monitor the evaluation of influenza vi- ms strains, and WHO hold an annual consultation at the end of February to recommend the composition of the vaccine for the forthcoming epidemiological season. These recommendations are published immediately in the weekly epidemiological record.
   Vaccination each year against influenza is recommended for certain high-risk populations. In closed or semi-closed settings, maximum-benefit from immunization is likely to be achieved when more than three-quarters of the population are vaccinated so that the benefit of "herd immunity" can be exploited. Special care should be taken of the following groups:
   --adults and children with chronic disorders of the pulmonary or cardiovascular systems requiting regular medical follow-up or who had been hospitalized during the previous year, including children with asthma;
   --residents of nursing homes and other establishments for patients of any age with chronic medical conditions;
   --all people over the age of 65.
   Physicians, nurses, and other personal in primary and intensive care units, who are potentially capable of transmitting influenza to high risk persons, should be immunized; visiting nurses and volunteer workers providing home care to high-risk persons should also be included.
According to the passage, high-risk persons exclude which of the following kinds of people?
选项 A、Children suffering from asthma.
B、The elderly with chronic pulmonary diseases.
C、Middle aged people with chronic heart diseases.
D、Nurses taking special care of the sick.
答案D
解析 文章四、五、六段分别介绍了几类高危人群，他们包括：需要接受经常性药物治疗的肺部或心血管不适的小孩儿和成人，或是往年接受过此类治疗的患者，包括患有哮喘的儿童；居住在看护病房和任何年龄段的慢性病患住处的人；超过65岁的老年人。故可排除选项A、B和C，答案为选项D。
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