首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Should Sugar Be Regulated like Alcohol and Tobacco? Sugar poses enough health risks that it should be considered a controlle
Should Sugar Be Regulated like Alcohol and Tobacco? Sugar poses enough health risks that it should be considered a controlle
admin
2013-04-25
78
问题
Should Sugar Be Regulated like Alcohol and Tobacco?
Sugar poses enough health risks that it should be considered a controlled substance just like alcohol and tobacco, argue a team of researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF).
In an opinion piece called "The Toxic (毒性的) Truth About Sugar"published Feb. 1 in Nature, Robert Lustig, Laura Schmidt and Claire Brindis argue that it’s wrong to consider sugar just " empty calories. " They write: " There is nothing empty about these calories. A growing body of scientific evidence is showing that fructose (果糖) can trigger processes that lead to liver toxicity and a host of other chronic diseases. A little is not a problem, but a lot kills—slowly. "
Almost everyone’s heard of—or personally experienced—the well-known sugar high, so perhaps the comparison between sugar and alcohol or tobacco shouldn’t come as a surprise. But it’s doubtful that Americans will look favorably upon regulating their favorite vice. We’re a nation that’s sweet on sugar: the average US adult downs 22 teaspoons of sugar a day, according to the American Heart Association, and surveys have found that teens swallow 34 teaspoons.
To counter our consumption, the authors advocate taxing sugary foods and controlling sales to kids under 17. Already, 17% of US children and teens are obese (肥胖的), and across the world the sugar intake (摄入) has increased three times in the past 50 years. The increase has helped create a global obesity plague that contributes to 35 million annual deaths worldwide from noninfectious diseases including cancer, heart disease and diabetes. Linda Matzigkeit, a senior vice president at Children’s Healthcare, said " We have to do something about this or our country is in danger. It’s not good if your state has the second-highest obesity rate. Obese children turn into obese adults. "
" There are good calories and bad calories, just as there are good fats and bad fats, good amino acids (氨基酸) and bad amino acids," Lustig, director of the Weight Assessment for Teen and Child Health program at UCSF, said in a statement. "But sugar is toxic beyond its calories. "
The food industry tries to imply that " a calorie is a calorie," says Kelly Brownell, director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University. " But this and other research suggests there is something different about sugar," says Brownell.
The UCSF report emphasizes the metabolic (新陈代谢的) effects of sugar. Excess sugar can alter metabolism, raise blood pressure, affect the signaling of hormones and damage the liver—outcomes that sound suspiciously similar to what can happen after a person drinks too much alcohol. Schmidt, co-chair of UCSF’s Community Engagement and Health Policy program, noted on CNN: " When you think about it, this actually makes a lot of sense. Alcohol, after all, is simply made from sugar. Where does vodka come from? Sugar. "
But there are also other areas of impact that researchers have investigated: the effect of sugar on the brain and how liquid calories are interpreted differently by the body than solids. Research has suggested that sugar activates the same reward pathways in the brain as traditional drugs of abuse like morphine or heroin. No one is claiming the effect of sugar is quite that strong, but, says Brownell, " it helps confirm what people tell you sometimes, that they hunger for sugar and have withdrawal symptoms when they stop eating it. "
There’s also something particularly tricky about sugary drinks. " When calories come in liquids, the body doesn’t feel as full," says Brownell. " People are getting more of their calories than ever before from sugared drinks. "
Other countries, including France, Greece and Denmark, impose soda taxes, and the concept is being considered in at least 20 US cities and states. Last summer, Philadelphia came close to passing a 2-cents-per-ounce soda tax. The Rudd Center has been a strong advocate of a more modest 1 -cent-per-ounce tax. But at least one study, from 2010, has raised doubts that soda taxes would result in significant weight loss: apparently people who are determined to eat—and drink—unhealthily will find ways to do it. Teens—no surprise—are good at finding ways to get the things they can’t have, so state policies banning all sugar-sweetened drinks from public schools and providing only water, milk or 100% fruit juices haven’t had the intended effect of steering kids away from drinking sugared drinks: the average teen consumes about 300 calories per day—that’s nearly 15% of his daily calories—in sweetened drinks, and the food and drink industry is only too happy to feed this need.
Ultimately, regulating sugar will prove particularly tricky because it goes beyond health concerns; sugar, for so many people, is love. A plate of cut-up vegetables just doesn’t pack the same emotional punch as a tin of home-made chocolate chip cookies (饼干) , which is why I took my daughter out for a cupcake and not an apple as an after-school treat today. We don’t do that regularly—it’s the first time this school year, actually—and that’s what made it special. As a society, could we ever reach the point where we’d think apples—not a cupcake—are something to get excited over? Says Brindis, one of the report’s authors and director of UCSF’s Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies: " We recognize that there are cultural and celebratory aspects of sugar. Changing these patterns is very complicated. "
For inroads (进展) to be made, say the authors in their statement, people have to be better educated about the hazards of sugar and agree that something’s got to change:
Many of the interventions (干预) that have reduced alcohol and tobacco consumption can be models for addressing the sugar problem, such as imposing special sales taxes, controlling access, and tightening licensing requirements on vending machines (自动售货机) and snack-bars that sell high sugar products in schools and workplaces.
" We’re not talking prohibition," Schmidt said. " We’re not advocating a major imposition of the government into people’s lives. We’re talking about gentle ways to make sugar consumption slightly less convenient, thereby moving people away from the concentrated dose. What we want is to actually increase people’s choices by making foods that aren’t loaded with sugar comparatively easier and cheaper to get. "
According to Brownell, liquid sugar______.
选项
A、is especially attractive to young children
B、is much easier and quicker to absorb than solid sugar
C、effectively stimulates people’s appetite
D、increases your calorie intake without your knowing it
答案
D
解析
定位句提到布朗奈尔认为“当热量以液态形式进入人体时,身体感觉不到饱,因此人们会从含糖饮料中获取比以前多的热量”。D)中的increases your calorie intake是原文中getting more of their calories的同义转述,故为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Yzg7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
A、Heenjoysdancing.B、Hisshoesdon’tfithim.C、He’sanexcellentdancer.D、He’saterribledancer.DW:Let’sgodancingtonig
Scientistshavedevelopedanewcancerdrug.Sofar,theyhavetasteditonlyon【B1】______animals.Thedrugisdesignedto【B2】__
Tobeagoodteacher,youneedsomeofthe【B1】______ofagoodactor.Youmustbeabletoholdtheattentionandinterestofyour
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:KeepingOurCityClean.Youshouldwriteatleast
Thetitleofthewriting"ToErrIsHuman"impliesthat______.Theauthorcomparedthefaintanddistantsoundofthecomputer
A、Whatkindofthreadtouse.B、Howtodesignaneedlewhichwouldnotbreak.C、Wheretoputtheneedle.D、Howtopreventtheth
RealpolicemenhardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV—iftheyevergethomeintime.There
HowtoEnhanceEtiquetteEducation?1.礼仪教育很重要2.现在许多大学生都不懂礼仪3.为加强礼仪教育,家长和学校应该……
Hehasmanygood______requiredofanidealemployee--diligence,modesty,andsimplicity.
Wherethereisanearthquake,________________(能量会沿着地壳的一条缝隙在一个地区释放出来).
随机试题
结合材料并回答问题。材料1:中国先人早就知道“国虽大,好战必亡”。两千一百寺前,中国人就开通丝绸之路,推动东西方文明交流,留下了互利合作的足迹。六百多年前,中国的郑和和率领世界上最强大的船队七次远航太平洋和西印度洋,足迹遍布三十多个国家和地区,没
A.硬脂酸红霉素,口服B.阿莫西林,口服C.磺胺,口服D.氨苄青霉素+庆大霉素,静滴E.不用抗生素针对下列每一来门诊患者,选择预防心内膜炎的抗生素
营养性缺铁性贫血的预防保健措施下列哪项是错误的
为了解小学生龋病的自然变化情况,研究人员制订了一项为期三年的研究计划,每年对学生进行一次口腔健康检查。该研究方法属于
招标文件一般的组成内容都包括()。
某烟厂当期共销售卷烟30大箱,其中甲类卷烟15箱,每箱单价15000元(不含税,下同),乙类卷烟10箱,每箱单价6000元,剩余5箱为甲类次品卷烟,每箱售价5000元;当月将乙类卷烟发给职工2箱;消费税税率45%,则当月应纳消费税为()元。
依照《导游人员管理条例》的规定,被吊销导游证的人员()。
宪法、法律及法律解释,行政法规,地方性法规,自治条例、单行条例,部门规章与地方政府规章均属于行政法的一般渊源。()
形成完备的法律规范体系,是建设中国特色社会主义法治体系的内容之一。其基本要求有
已知B=,矩阵A相似于B,A*为A的伴随矩阵,则︱A*+3E︱=_________________________。
最新回复
(
0
)