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  3. The relationship between language learning strategy preferences and English proficiency among students puzzles many English lea

The relationship between language learning strategy preferences and English proficiency among students puzzles many English lea

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问题     The relationship between language learning strategy preferences and
English proficiency among students puzzles many English learners.
Language teachers and researchers have long observed that some
learners acquire English as the second or foreign language more quickly【M1】____________
and effectively than others. The nature of this marking discrepancy among【M2】____________
learners has captured the attention of practitioners and researchers
worldwide. Over the  past four decades, researchers have identified a
number of cognitive, affective, and sociocultural factors such as【M3】____________
significantly contributing to this variety in second language acquisition.【M4】____________
    From this body of research, language learning strategies consistently have
emerged as a particularly significant variable. LLSs are defined as
"specific actions taking by the  learner to make  learning faster, more【M5】____________
enjoyable, more self-directed, more effective,  and more transferable to
new situations. " Stated other way, learning strategies are "measures that【L6】____________
students can take to promote their own learning success". Although other
scholars within the field of SLA have conceptualized and classified learning
strategies in a variety of ways, Oxford developed the most comprehensible【L7】____________
model to date. Oxford designed a strategy assessment survey based on her
classification system. This assessment tool,  the Strategy Inventory for
    Language Learning, is current recognized as the most comprehensive【L8】____________
instrument for identifying strategy preferences of language learners. As of
1995, it had been used in over 45 major studies involving in approximately【L9】____________
8,500 learners worldwide.  Research findings from these studies involving
SILL learning strategies have recurrently indicated significant variation in
learning strategy preferences based a number of learner variables, including【L10】___________
gender, motivation, setting, cultural background, attitudes/beliefs,
learning styles, and language proficiency.
【M5】
选项
答案taking→taken
解析 非谓语动词误用。该句意为“LLSs被定义为‘学习者采取的具体行动，使得学习变得更加快捷、有趣、自主、高效，以及更适应新情况’”。此句中的“taken by…”为后置定语，修饰前面的specific actions，因为specific actions和the learner之间为被动关系，因此应使用take的过去分词形式taken。
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