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  3. Reasons for International Trade Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. Every na

Reasons for International Trade Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. Every na

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问题                  Reasons for International Trade
    Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. Every nation wants the opportunity to export its goods and services to other countries. A foreign outlet for sales enables a manufacturer or distributor to increase the volume of his business activity, thus increasing his chance to make a profit and increasing employment opportunities. Every nation also wants the opportunity and privilege of buying from foreign countries products and services that are scarce or unavailable at home that would be useful and beneficial to its people.
    Trading with other countries is not the same as trading within one’s own country. At home a company or a bank is familiar with its own people, laws, and business practices. At abroad the picture becomes a complex one. Each country is different and therefore is said to carry different risks. Political risks, for example, relate to such varied factors as treaties, war, import quotas, and foreign exchange restrictions.
    In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilised different economic resources. People have developed different skills. This is the foundation of world trade and economic activity. So countries that do not have the resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them.
    Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. As far as the United States is concerned, it enjoys the most favourable position and has vast coal and oil reserves, but the United States is also a heavy consumer of nature resources, and it is increasingly reliant on certain imports, especially on oil. It consumes more than it can produce at home.
    If one nation can sell some items at a lower cost, the other countries would buy them. Japan. a highly industrialised nation, has been able to export large quantities of automobiles because it can produce them efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for some Western countries to buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically. Japan should produce and export those items from which it gets a comparative advantage. It should also buy and import what it needs from those countries that have a comparative advantage in the desired items.
    At last, innovation or style or quality plays the most important role in the foreign trade. For example, the United States produces more automobiles than any other countries; it still imports large quantities of autos from Japan, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States. In conclusion, developing international trade is a country’s long-term strategy. For most nations, exports and imports are the most important international activity. With this activity, nations can develop their economy.
According to the fifth paragraph, what does "comparative advantage" mean?
选项 A、It means that some countries have more favourable conditions for economic development than other countries.
B、It means that some countries can produce certain products at lower cost than other countries, thus it would be cheaper for other countries to import those products instead of manufacturing them by themselves.
C、It means that those countries which do not have favourable conditions for trading would better stop exporting and importing all they need.
D、It means that some countries can provide goods with better quality than other countries.
答案B
解析 题目意为：“根据第五段内容，comparative advantage为何意?”本段阐述了如果一个国家能够以更低的价钱销售某些产品，那么其他国家就会购买。日本能够大量出口汽车是因为他们在汽车制造方面比其他国家效率更高。对于西方国家来说从日本进口汽车比在国内生产更加便宜。那么，日本就应该生产并出口这些有“比较优势”的产品。据此，可以判断正确答案为B。
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