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  3. Economics has often been criticized as a science concerned only with the short term, to the exclusion of the consideration of ho

Economics has often been criticized as a science concerned only with the short term, to the exclusion of the consideration of ho

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问题     Economics has often been criticized as a science concerned only with the short term, to the exclusion of the consideration of how short-term goals affect long-term consequences. While it is true that economics is generally focused on achieving short-term maximization of resources, it must be kept in mind that the long-term is never neglected. One of the most intrinsic concepts in the field of economics is game theory, which examines how the choices immediately facing an individual will affect his subsequent breadth of choices that emerge afterward.
    For example, consider the case of a manager of a business who must decide whether to create a shoddy product, aware of the fact that ignorant buyers will buy an equal amount of the item regardless of its quality, since they know nothing about it yet. Assume that creating a shoddy product is less expensive than creating merchandise of higher quality. Short-term economics would argue that it is the best course of action for the manager to create the low-quality item, since the same reward would be achieved for a lower price.
    More properly applied economics, however, would demand further consideration, taking into account the long-term. While creating a shoddy product in the long term would boost short-term profits, it would also cause buyers not to purchase from the manager’s company in the future, resulting in a significant loss in long-term profits. Consequently, the boost in short-term profit would have to be weighed against the loss in long-term profits, providing a more realistic and applicable aspect to the decision making process. When game theory comes into play, economics becomes a more useful tool in real-world situations.
    Having examined the way in which game theory is applied, its name now makes sense. Game theory is similar to a chess game, in which the effects of one’s choices on the other players in "the game" must be considered prior to action. In that sense, the application of economics to practical decision-making becomes at once more complicated yet more sensible. One must always be thinking ahead and anticipating future scenarios based on current situations, for although economics is concerned with maximization, maximization is a long-term, not a short-term, goal.
In paragraph 3, "the boost in short-term profit would have to be weighed against the loss in long-term profits" indicates that______.
选项 A、long-term profits are more important than short-term profits
B、both the long-term and the short-term effects must be considered when making decisions
C、boosts in short-term profits are most often less than loss in long-term profits
D、if decreases in long-term profits exceed increases in short-term profits, the action is not advisable
答案B
解析 属信息推断题。相关信息在第三段第三句：如果要想对决策过程有更现实、更可行的帮助的话，就应该对短期收益的增长和长期收益的损失进行利弊权衡。由此可知，选项B正确。其他选项都理解错误，而且在文中也没有涉及。
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