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  3. The word tsunami comes from the Japanese language. In that language the word tsu means harbor. The word nami means wave. Long ag

The word tsunami comes from the Japanese language. In that language the word tsu means harbor. The word nami means wave. Long ag

admin2015-04-10  59
问题     The word tsunami comes from the Japanese language. In that language the word tsu means harbor. The word nami means wave. Long ago Japanese fishermen created the word tsunami. They would return from the sea to find that their villages had been destroyed by large waves. They would not have been aware of waves large enough to wash away a village while at sea. The waves had traveled under the sea until they reached a point where the land and water became shallower. The rise of the land had caused the wave to be pushed to the surface. In the open water of the ocean, this type of wave could not be detected.
    These destructive waves are sometimes mistakenly called tidal waves.
【C1】______
    Tsunamis are many times caused by an earthquake. Earthquakes are caused when pieces of the earth’s crust shift. This causes the water in the ocean to be displaced or moved.
【C2】______
    Tsunamis can also be caused by landslides where large chunks of land suddenly slide into the sea. A meteor landing in the ocean can cause the same reaction.
    Tsunami losses varies according to the nature of the event, the time of occurrence, the type and extent of occupation and use of the low-lying coastal areas, and the extent and effectiveness of precautionary measures taken by the people.
【C3】______
    Historians have found evidence of a tsunami more than 300 feet high along the coast of Crete some 1,600 years B. C. In 1755, many Portuguese citizens felt lucky to have survived an earthquake near Lisbon. A few minutes later, they noticed that the water in their harbor had mysteriously gone out into the sea. Suddenly, the water returned in the form of a tsunami killing thousands of people.
【C4】______
    The earthquake that generated the great Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 is estimated to have released the energy of 23,000 Hiroshima-type atomic bombs, according to the U. S. Geological Survey(USGS). By the end of the day more than 150,000 people were dead or missing and millions more were homeless in 11 countries, making it perhaps the most destructive tsunami in history.
【C5】______
    As far as permanent adjustments are concerned, improved earthquake prediction and warning systems, relocation of houses to higher places, construction of seawalls, tidewater control, afforestation and shelter harbors are among the measures adopted in places like Japan. Prediction of earthquakes is essential for preventing tsunami damages.
[A]You can see this kind of action for yourself. If you bring your hands quickly together underwater in a pool or bathtub, you will see the water above your hands start to form a wave. It has been displaced. The same thing will happen if someone cannonballs into a pool of water. The water will splash out over the sides of the pool. It has been displaced.
[B]History tells us that most tsunamis have been recorded in the Pacific Ocean. There are also recorded stories of sudden, devastating waves in the Mediterranean Sea.
[C]This population at risk includes the people who are directly and indirectly affected, those whose life, dwellings, places of work including farms and other property and income are liable to be affected.
[D]Across the world the magnitude of the disaster and the scale of the suffering prompted a new wave—one of sympathy, support, and assistance for the people affected by the tsunami.
[E]Escape to high places is the usual way to prevent loss of life when people receive warning. This is the only emergency measure.
[F]In spite of the fact that tsunamis are most prevalent in the Pacific, every ocean has generated the scourges.
[G]As the waves approach the land without warning, they can look like a particularly violent tide rushing to the shore. The waves which you can see crashing into the shore are caused by the action of wind on the ocean. These waves really have nothing to do with the tide. Scientists don’t like to hear people call tsunamis tidal waves because of this wrong idea.
【C5】
选项
答案E
解析 下段介绍应对海啸的长久之计，可推测出此处应该介绍紧急求生的方法。一旦接到海啸警告，应立即逃到高处避免人员伤亡。
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