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  3. (1) The benefits of exercise are widely known: it helps you live longer and lowers the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabete

(1) The benefits of exercise are widely known: it helps you live longer and lowers the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabete

admin2022-10-09  35
问题     (1) The benefits of exercise are widely known: it helps you live longer and lowers the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes. A new study suggests that when done in moderation, it leads to better mental health as well. The researchers analyzed responses from 1.2 million adults in the United States taken from a US Center for Disease Control and Prevention survey given in 2011, 2013 and 2015. The average number of days of poor mental health per person in the past month was around 3.4, according to the study. Those who reported exercising had about 1. 5, or 43％, fewer days of "bad self-reported mental health" compared to those who did not exercise. Poor mental health was reported in the study as stress, depression and trouble with emotions.
    (2) "I think in comparison to all other treatments, when a patient successfully exercises at the right dose, there is a sense of self-efficacy and confidence that the patient develops. That is absolutely also a remarkably positive thing, " said Dr. Madhukar Trivedi, who was not involved with the study but recently published a paper linking midlife fitness with lower risk of depression.
    (3) "I think it’s a huge deal, " said Adam Chekroud, an author of the study. "Even just walking just three times a week seems to give people better mental health than not exercising at all. I think from a public health perspective, it’s pretty important because it shows that we can have the potential for having a pretty big impact on mental health for a lot of people."
    (4) The sweet spot for exercising was found to be 45-minute sessions three to five times a week. There wasn’t a big difference in benefit for exercising beyond 90 minutes in a session—until one hit the three-hour mark. After that, there appeared to be worse mental health associated with those people compared to others who did not exercise at all.
    (5) "I think it makes sense, " Chekroud said. "If you’re not exercising enough, perhaps that’s not giving you the biological aspect of exercise. Maybe you’re not putting your body through the intensity and through the changes that it needs to stimulate those biological changes in the brain. And on the high end, anecdotally we hear a lot about people who get addicted to exercise or maybe you’re kind of running yourself into the ground. "
    (6) Though all forms of exercise resulted in better mental health compared to doing nothing, the strongest association was found in people who played popular team sports (a 22％ lower mental health burden), cycling (22％) and other aerobic and gym activities (20％). Even completing household chores led to about a 10％ drop in days of poor mental health in a month, the researchers found. "Exercise in group settings could have a slightly higher benefit than exercise alone, " Trivedi said. "There’s not enough evidence to be very strong but that could be what happened."
    (7) As for cycling, Chekroud, an avid cyclist himself, said, "There’s… the biological benefit of exercise. And you’ll have increases in your respiratory rate and your heart rate and that kind of thing. But also, it’s an opportunity where you’re not working for a relatively long period of time and you get to think things through, perhaps reevaluate situations that happen in your life."
    (8) Seventy-five types of "exercise" were included in the report, leading to some experts preferring another label instead. "In the current study, we see the inclusion of activities such as childcare, housework, lawn-mowing, carpentry, fishing, and yoga as forms of exercise, " wrote Dr. Gary Cooney in an accompanying commentary published with the article. "The study… in its all-encompassing approach, might more accurately be considered a study in physical activity rather than exercise."
    (9) Though the study is purportedly the largest of its size, and "unprecedented in scale", it does have a few limitations, Cooney said. Mental health disorders are not a monolith and there are discrete factors involved in research and clinical purposes of various conditions like dementia, substance misuse or personality disorder, he said. (本文选自 cnn. com)
According to Dr. Trivedi, what happens when people exercise at the right amount?
选项 A、Their body will undergo biological changes.
B、People may get addicted to exercise.
C、People can reevaluate their life situations.
D、People will feel self-fulfilling and confident.
答案D
解析 细节题。第二段第一句提到，特里维迪博士认为，如果病人能有效恰当地进行锻炼，他会产生一种自我效能感和信心，因此D“人们会感到自我满足、有信心”符合文义，故本题答案为D。A“他们的身体会经历生物学变化”和B“人们可能会对锻炼上瘾”是第五段中切克鲁德的观点，C“人们可以重新评估他们的生活状况”是第七段中切克鲁德对骑行作出的评价，因此排除。
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