首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
The holiday season poses a psychological conundrum. Its defining sentiment, of course, is joy — yet the effort to be joyous seem
The holiday season poses a psychological conundrum. Its defining sentiment, of course, is joy — yet the effort to be joyous seem
admin
2014-06-25
37
问题
The holiday season poses a psychological conundrum. Its defining sentiment, of course, is joy — yet the effort to be joyous seems to make many of us miserable. It’s hard to be happy in overcrowded airport lounges or while you’re trying to stay civil for days on end with relatives who stretch your patience.
So to cope with the holidays, magazines and others are advising us to "think positive" — the same advice that Norman Vincent Peale, author of The Power of Positive Thinking, was dispensing six decades ago. Variations of Peale’s positive philosophy run deep in American culture, not just in how we handle holidays and other social situations but in business, politics and beyond. Yet studies suggest that affirmations designed to lift the user’s mood through repetition and visualizing future success often achieve the opposite of their intended effect.
Fortunately, both ancient philosophy and contemporary psychology point to an alternative: a counterintuitive approach that might be termed "the negative path to happiness. " One pioneer of the "negative path" was psychotherapist Albert Ellis. He rediscovered a key insight of the Stoic philosophers of ancient Greece and Rome: that sometimes the best way to address an uncertain future is to focus not on the best-case scenario but on the worst.
Just thinking in sober detail about worst-case scenarios can help to sap the future of its anxiety-producing power. The psychologist Julie Norem terms this strategy "defensive pessimism. " Positive thinking, by contrast, is the effort to convince yourself that things will turn out fine, which can reinforce the belief that it would be absolutely terrible if they didn’t.
In American corporations, perhaps the most widely accepted doctrine of the "cult of positivity" is the importance of setting big goals for an organization. Behind our fixation on goals is a deep unease with feelings of uncertainty. Research by Saras Sarasvathy, an associate professor of business administration suggests that learning to accommodate feelings of uncertainty is not just the key to a more balanced life but often leads to prosperity as well. For one project, she interviewed 45 successful entrepreneurs. Almost none embraced the idea of writing comprehensive business plans or conducting extensive market research. They practiced instead "effectuation. " Rather than choosing a goal and then making a plan to a-chieve it, they took stock of the means and materials at their disposal, then imagined the possible ends. Effectuation also includes the "affordable loss principle. " Instead of focusing on the possibility of spectacular rewards from a venture, ask how great the loss would be if it failed. If the potential loss seems tolerable, take the next step.
The ultimate value of the "negative path" may not be its role in facilitating upbeat emotions or even success. It is simply realism. The future really is uncertain, after all, and things really do go wrong as well as right. We are too often motivated by a craving to put an end to the inevitable surprises in our lives.
According to Paragraph 5, it is essential for managers to______.
选项
A、establish challenging targets
B、conduct inclusive market analysis
C、calculate potential revenues and rewards
D、consider possible risks and costs
答案
D
解析
本段指出,45位成功企业家不赞同“制定综合业务计划”或“开展广泛的市场研究”,而是采取“实施法”;不是选好目标然后制定计划,而是考虑可用的方法和资源然后设想结果。“实施法”亦包括“可承受损失原则”:不是主要考虑获得收益的可能性,而是考虑失败后的损失;若潜在的损失可接受,则采取下一步行动。[D]项最接近此做法,为正确项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ZQK4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Tounderstandhowastrologyworks,weshouldfirsttakeaquicklookatthesky.Althoughthestarsareatenormousdistances,t
Thejack-o-lanternsarestillonthestoop,butalreadywe’reseeingpricesforholidayornamentsslashedinhalfatJ.C.Penne
HenricIbsen,authoroftheplayADoll’sHouse,inwhichapretty,helplesshousewifeabandonsherhusbandandchildrentoseek
(46)Ifyouconsultcomparativeglobaleconomicandsocialstatistics,itisnotdifficulttopaintableakpictureofArabfailu
Formorethanadecade,scientistshavebeentryingtodeterminewhetherclimatechangeislinkedtointensestorms,suchas200
Attemptstounderstandtherelationshipbetweensocialbehaviorandhealthhavetheirorigininhistory.Dubos(1969)suggested
Attemptstounderstandtherelationshipbetweensocialbehaviorandhealthhavetheirorigininhistory.Dubos(1969)suggested
AfterWallStreetclosedonerecentFriday,ayoungmaninjeansandasportsjacketstrodeintotheshowroomoftheClassicCar
AMGEN,theworld’sbiggestbiotechnologycompany,madeitsfortunefromadrugthatfortifiesthebloodofpatientswhoareunde
(46)Womenmakeup40percentoftheworld’sworkforceinagriculture,aquarterinindustry,andathirdinservices.Womenfar
随机试题
通常以标准成本作为其工作成本的评价与考核依据的()部门包括
A、执业医师B、执业助理医师C、进修医师D、试用期人员根据《麻醉药品和精神药品管理条例》在乡、民族乡、镇、村的医疗机构可以独立从事一般的执业活动的是
(2005年)对于图2.4—1中二维稳态导热问题,右边界是绝热的,如果采用有限差分法求解,当Ax=△y时,则在下面正确的边界节点方程中是()。
背景材料:A公司中标某城市旧区市政道路改扩建工程,改建后道路升级至城市主干道;并将原来处于快车道下雨水线、给水和燃气等三条管线拆移至新建路的辅路或人行道。合同内的三条管线施工由建设单位直接分包给三家专业公司分别承担,但A公司作为工程总承包单位负责土建配合
混凝土的可操作性,又称为混凝土的和易性,可以用混凝土的()来表征。
振动压实指标VC是指按试验规程,在规定的振动台上将碾压混凝土振动达到合乎标准的()。
下面关于表格的叙述,()是正确的。
股份有限公司采用收购本公司股票方式减资,下列说法中正确的是()。
在教育史上________最早提出“教育遵循自然”的观点。
Whenmengrowolder,theirhairoftenbeginstofallout.Whenhairbeginstofallout【C1】________oldage,itisimpossibleto
最新回复
(
0
)