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A truly informed diner would choose a restaurant based on the quality of the menu and the chef’s experience．The discerning inves

admin2020-03-28  15
问题     A truly informed diner would choose a restaurant based on the quality of the menu and the chef’s experience．The discerning investor would decide which company to back after studying the business plan and meeting the founders．In reality，people often copy the choices of others．Diners pick the crowded restaurant over the empty one．Investors go with the company that already has multiple backers．Such bandwagon effects are not necessarily irrational．Often，the buyer knows less about a product than the seller；the collective wisdom of the crowd can correct for such“asymmetric information”．
    Scholars are now asking whether herd behavior also prevails in labor markets．To find out，Kory Kroft of the University of Toronto devised an experiment in which they applied for 3，000 clerical，administrative，sales and customer-service jobs advertised online by submitting 12，000 fictitious CVs．The submissions were designed so that applicants with similar backgrounds，education and experience went for the same job．The only difference was how long the applicant had been jobless，a period that ranged from no time at all to as much as 36 months．
  They found that the odds of an applicant being called back by an employer declined steadily as the duration of unemployment rose，from 7．4％ after one month without work down to 4-5％at the eight-month mark．where the call-back rate stabilized．
These results，the authors say，cannot be because employers found some qualitative flaw in the longer-tern unemployed that was hidden from outsiders，since the applicants were similar in other respects．Another explanation for long-term unemployment——that people make less effort to find work as their time out of the labor force lengthens——is also not applicable here．
    A third possibility is that employers equate lengthening unemployment with atrophying skills and thus falling productivity．But this should be true whether the economy is booming or in recession．The decline incall-back rates was much more pronounced in cities with tight labour markets；call-back rates changed relatively little when higher unemployment prevailed locally．From this，the authors infer that employers are more likely to overlook a long period of unemployment if overall economic conditions are stacked against candidates．
  These results strongly suggest that long-term unemployment is at least partly self-fulfilling．Like-patrons who avoid restaurants purely because they are empty，employers were reluctant to hire someone other employers didn’t want．
One reasonable explanation for the research results may be____________．
选项 A、employers found some qualitative flaw in the longer-term unemployed
B、people make less effort to find work as their unemployment time lengthens
C、lengthening unemployment is equated with falling productivity
D、call-back rates declined clearly when higher unemployment prevailed
答案C
解析 细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第四、五段。本题要求找出能够合理解释实验结果的选项。由第五段的第一、二句可以得出C项“长时间失业等同于工作效率的下降”为正确答案。根据第四段These results…cannot be because…可知A项错误。根据第四段Another explanation for…is also not applicable here可知B项错误。D项declined clearly与原文表述不符，且不属于对实验结果原因的解释，也排除。故本题选C。
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