2. 外语
  3. Stop these risky online behaviors if you want to avoid falling victim to fraud A) As tech-savvy (精通技术的) as we tend to be th

Stop these risky online behaviors if you want to avoid falling victim to fraud A) As tech-savvy (精通技术的) as we tend to be th

admin2022-12-30  29
问题                            Stop these risky online behaviors if you want to avoid falling victim to fraud
    A)  As tech-savvy (精通技术的) as we tend to be these days—relying heavily on the internet for everything from communication, information and productivity to entertainment, shopping, and banking—many Americans admit to being lackadaisical (懒散的) when it comes to cyber (网络的 ) security. This is according to the results of a recent survey conducted online by the Harris Poll, commissioned by Aura, a leading digital security company, that found a disconnect between awareness of cyber security threats and behaviors that invite the risk.
    B)  For example, half of those surveyed admit to downloading software or files from third party sources without knowing their origin. Nearly three-quarters of victims of past online fraud say the used the same password for multiple accounts, while 51% concede (承认) they open emails from senders they don’t recognize. These potentially dangerous online habits extend to social media, too, with about half of respondents admitted to accepting friend requests on social media from people they don’t know, tagging their location in photos posted on social media while they’re on vacation, and clicking on hyperlinks (超链接) in social media posts.
    C)  And issues seem to be getting worse, perhaps because of spending even more time online since the start of the pandemic. According to a report published by the FTC, total fraud losses cost Americans about $ 3.3 billion dollars in 2020, an increase of 54% year over year.
    D)  Pay heed to these following common yet risky behaviors, and how to avoid them.
    E)  While convenient, avoid using the same password for your online activities, because if a service is hacked and your password is exposed, cybercriminals will no doubt try it on another of your accounts. Not only should you use different passwords for all accounts—and reputable password manager apps are a handy way to remember them all—but you could also try to use a passphrase instead of a password. A passphrase, in other words, is a sequence of words and other characters, including numbers and symbols.
    F)  Also, make it harder for hackers to access your data by adding a second layer of defense. Two-factor authentication (认证) is highly recommended for all your online activity, such as your web mail, online banking, cloud accounts, and so on, which means you not only need a password or biometrics (生物特征识别的) logon, such as a fingerprint or facial scan, but you will also receive a one-time code notification to your mobile phone that you will need to type in.
    G)  Whether you’re on a computer, smartphone or tablet, stick with reputable app stores to download software to your device. Yes, there are official stores integrated into your operating system, such as the Windows Store, Mac App Store, Google Play and App Store. While nothing is 100%, apps at these stores have been vetted (检查) by gatekeepers, to ensure there isn’t anything harmful.
    H)  If you’re curious about a new app or game, though, don’t ever be the first to download it. Wait until there are several thousands ahead of you and read reviews and comments. Why be a Guinea pig? Read the terms and conditions for each app, too, and be suspicious if a calculator wants your location or a racing game asks for access to your microphone and camera, as examples
    I)  As an extra layer of defense, have good anti-malware ("malicious software") on your devices. Often referred to as a "phishing" scam, these are authentic-looking emails that appear to be from your bank, Internet Service Provider, favorite online store, or other organization, with the intent to "lure" you to a site that asks you to verify your personal or financial information. On mobile devices, these might be referred to as "smishing" messages, since they’re phishing for your private information sent to you via text messages.
    J)   What does the sender want? To defraud you. And it’s on the rise. During the pandemic, emails may have looked like they’re from legitimate (合法的) organizations like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or World Health Organization, plus with government stimulus packages to help people and business make ends meet after being furloughed or laid off, fraud tied to government benefits soared considerably last year.
    K)  In the first quarter of 2021 government benefits fraud was up nearly 3 000% year over year, says the Federal Trade Commission. And, with more people working remotely, there is an expanded landscape for social-engineering scams, particularly impersonating human resources or executives at one’s organization.
    L)   To avoid falling victim to a phishing scam, look closely at the email sender and ensure it is a legitimate address. Know that companies like your bank and the government will never ask you to urgently confirm financial details with you in this manner. When in doubt, contact the institution with a phone number you already have for them, and not with one provided in the message.
    M)  Reputable anti-malware protection on your devices can identify, block, quarantine, delete, and report any suspicious activity. Aura, for example, provides proactive (主动的) digital security, alerting you to threats like malware, fraud alerts, a VPN (Virtual Private Network) for anonymous browsing, password manager, identity theft insurance, and so on. On a related note, set all your software, including your operating system, to automatically install updates, so you don’t have to remember to do so.
    N)  While free public Wi-Fi hot spots seem to be everywhere—restaurants, libraries, airports, and hotel lobbies—you’re putting your information at greater risk compared to using a private network. In fact, you might think you’re joining a legitimate network, like "Miami International Airport Wi-Fi" when in fact it’s a fake network setup by someone nearby, who’s trying access your info.
    O)  Even if it’s a legitimate hot spot, those who provide free Wi-Fi can collect and sell data about your browsing habits. Another misconception (误解) is a public Wi-Fi hot spot is safe if there’s a password required, often given out by the establishment. It’s not much safer than not having a password if it’s freely given out to everyone indiscriminately.
    P)  Instead, while using your laptop on the go, consider your smartphone’s cellular connection by creating a personal hot spot which counts towards your mobile phone’s data plan or wait until you get home on a private network. If you absolutely must use free public Wi-Fi, at least run a VPN to browse anonymously, and avoid conducting any financial transactions.
Either changing passwords for different accounts or using a passphrase is a good way to escape from cybercriminals.
选项
答案E
解析 由题干中的changing passwords、using a passphrase和cybercriminals定位到文章E)段倒数第二句。细节归纳题。由定位句可知，你不仅应该在所有的账号上使用不同的密码，同时也可以尝试使用密码短语。题干中的changing passwords for different accounts对应定位句中的use different passwords for all accounts，题干中的using a passphrase对应定位句中的use a passphrase，且根据前文内容可知，这样做的目的是避免网络诈骗，对应题干中的cybercriminals。题干是对定位句的归纳概括，故答案为E)。
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