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  3. Since the dawn of human ingenuity，people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous，boring，burdens

Since the dawn of human ingenuity，people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous，boring，burdens

admin2020-03-28  40
问题     Since the dawn of human ingenuity，people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous，boring，burdensome，or just plain nasty．That compulsion has resulted in robotics——the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines．And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction，they have begun to come close．
  As a result，the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor．Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms．Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction．Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers．And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics，there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone．
    But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility，they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves——goals that pose a real challenge．“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error，”says Dave Lavery，manager of a
robotics program at NASA．“we can’t yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world．”
  Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results．Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010，researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries．
    What they found，in attempting to model thought，is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented——and human perception far more complicated——than previously imagined．They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment．But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant，instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd．The most advanced computer systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability，and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it．
Besides reducing human labor，robots can also__________．
选项 A、make a few decisions for themselves
B、deal with some errors with human intervention
C、improve factory environments
D、cultivate human creativity
答案B
解析 细节题。根据关键词定位到第三段。从Dave Lavery说的第一句话，即While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error，我们知道如何告诉机器人去处理一个具体的错误。同时定位到第三段的第二句how to tell a robot to handle a specific error，以及第五段的第二句robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel，均可以看出，机器人能够在人的指导下处理错误。因此B项“在人的指导下处理差错，正确。A项“一些自我决定”。目前的机器人是无法做出自我判断的。C项“改善工厂的环境”。原文末段的第二句话提到了“工厂环境”这个词，但是请注：卷原文说的是他们建造的机器人在严格控制的工厂环境里，能够在仪表盘上识别毫米以下的误差，而没有说是机器人去改善工厂环境。因此排除该选项。D项“培养人类的创造力”，这个在常识上属于无稽之谈。故本题选B。
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