首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
America’s more capitalist sports fans commonly acknowledge that their country’s most popular sports, like the National Football
America’s more capitalist sports fans commonly acknowledge that their country’s most popular sports, like the National Football
admin
2020-01-11
72
问题
America’s more capitalist sports fans commonly acknowledge that their country’s most popular sports, like the National Football League and the National Basketball Association, have several rules that would please a Scandinavian social democrat. Salary caps and luxury taxes limit how much each team can spend on players, punish those that over-spend, and close the gap between rich and poor teams. In both sports, the top draft picks typically go to the worst-performing squads from the previous year. Revenue sharing redistributes wealth among the rich and poor teams. Overall, success is punished by design, misfortune is rewarded by design, and the power of wealth is
circumscribed
with spending caps.
It’s a different story across the Atlantic, where many European soccer leagues have practices that would please an American conservative. There are few salary-cap rules, so a handful of rich teams tend to dominate annually. When a soccer team performs poorly, it is not rewarded with a high draft pick. Instead, the club is
relegated
to a less competitive league, a mighty blow to their revenue. Meanwhile the most successful teams from lower divisions are promoted to more competitive leagues where they can earn even more money.
For years, economists have wondered why America doesn’t share Europe’s socialist approach to government. But maybe it’s worth flipping the question: Why don’t European sports share U.S.-style socialism? Why do European soccer leagues punish the downtrodden, while American sports are so soft on losers?
In their famous 2001 paper, "Why Doesn’t The U.S. Have A European-Style Welfare State?" the economists Alberto Alesina, Edward Glaeser, and Bruce Sacerdote pointed out that public policies are an echo of national history. For example, in the U.S., the legacy of the 19th century’s "open frontier" made Americans skeptical of government intrusion, while the absence of an influential socialist party after World War II made it difficult for leftist policies to take root.
By analogy, perhaps, one could look to history to see the origin of Europe’s surprisingly free-market approach to sports. The rules of today’s English Premier League can be traced to the late 19th century, when English soccer was in a period of rapid growth, with hundreds of English and Welsh clubs forming in several decades. Owners, players, and fans all recognized that the helter-skelter scheduling made it harder for people to plan their lives around soccer. In 1888, 12 teams banded together to form England’s first Football League. This provided a modicum of structure to the beautiful game, such as set schedules and guaranteed home games. In its original rules, the worst teams in the league had to apply for "reelection" to remain. Otherwise, one of England’s hundreds of other soccer teams could take their place. As the League grew in size and number of divisions, reelection evolved into a system of promotion and relegation — a model that has
taken hold
in soccer leagues in Europe and around the world.
The underlined word "circumscribed" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to______.
选项
A、restricted
B、influenced
C、stopped
D、interrupted
答案
A
解析
第1段最后一句的意思是:总的来说,成功会受到有意为之的惩罚,不幸会得到有意为之的回报,财富的力量受到开支上限的束缚。在本句中,A项表示“限制”;B项表示“影响”;C项表示“停止”;D项表示“打断、中断”;circumscribed表示“限制、约束”。答案为A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ZdwO777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI三级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI三级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
"Producers,Consumers,andDecomposers"P1Organismsthatarecapableofusingcarbondioxideastheirsolesourceofcarbon
"BuildingwithArches"RoundArchandVaultAlthoughtheroundarchwasusedbytheancientpeoplesofMesopotamiaseveral
"GeothermalEnergy"GeothermalenergyisnaturalheatfromtheinterioroftheEarththatisconvertedtoheatbuildingsand
MassProduction:MethodandImpactP1:EvenwiththeearlysuccessesinEurope,scholarsoftechnologyattributethewidespread
PestControlP1:Pestcontrolisatleastasoldasagriculture,astherehasalwaysbeenaneedtokeepcropsfreefrompests.
Cardiovasculardiseases,whichinvolvetheheartandbloodvessels,aretheleadingcauseofdeathinmanydevelopednations.At
Picasso’s______abilitywasapparentinhisearlyyouthwhenhestarteddrawingsketches.
With2005fastbecoming"theyearofthenaturaldisaster",itistimetoreflectonhowengineering,scienceandtechnologycan
Herhouseiswithin______fromthepolicestation.
Thephysicisthasmadeadiscovery,Ithinkisofgreatimportancetotheprogressofscienceandtechnology.
随机试题
为全面发展中医药事业,国家鼓励中西医
常合并肝硬化的肝癌类型有
尿液检查下列哪项对慢性肾功能衰竭的诊断最有价值
女性,40岁。不明原因的手足发麻,关节肿痛半年余。开始为手指小关节疼痛,后出现其他关节疼痛,呈对称性,遇寒或晨起时关节发硬,活动后减轻,舌苔薄白,脉浮紧。其最有意义的检查是
叶某甲系中国公民,居住在我国西南边境某县。2008年以来。叶某甲在无任何证件的情况下多次往返于A国和中国之间贩卖日用品。2014年3月,当叶某甲再次非法越境时,被当地县公安边防机关查获,并被处以拘留15日。处罚执行完毕后,叶某甲不服,准备提起行政复议和行政
A国某公司以CIF价与中国某公司签订了向中国出口食品2000箱的合同,A国公司在货物装运后,凭已装船清洁提单和已投保一切险及战争险的保险单,向银行办理了结汇,货到目的港后经复验发现,该批货物中的342箱食品所含的沙门氏细菌超过进口国的标准,中国公司只实收1
壁后注浆,一般是()进行,注浆段高,视含水层赋存条件和具体出水点位置而定,段高一般为15~25m。
甲公司2020年1月1日有一笔闲置资金,可以进行公司债券和股票的投资。进行债券投资要求的报价必要收益率为12%,进行股票投资要求的报价报酬率为20%。现有5种证券可供选择,相关资料如下:(1)A公司债券于2018年1月1日发行5年期、面值为1000元、票
Let’slearntousetheproblemwearefacing______astepping-stonetofuturesuccess.
下列叙述不正确的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)