2. 外语
  3. Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of given group of human beings, In tiiis sens

Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of given group of human beings, In tiiis sens

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问题     Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of given group of human beings, In tiiis sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.
    To the professional anthropologist(人类学).there is no intrinsic(内在的)superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist tiiere is no intrinsic hierarchy(等级)among languages.
    People once thought of the language of backward groups as savage, undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groan, it is a fact established by the study of "backward"languages tiiat no spoken tongue answers tiiat description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language need, but only in tiieir vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two tilings are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in "backward"languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness("tiiis "and "tiiat"):some language of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.
    This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists tiiat all cultures are to be viewed independently, and widiout ideas of rank or hierarchy.
The author says that professional linguists recognize that______.
选项 A、Western languages are superior to Eastern languages
B、all languages came from grunts and groans
C、the hierarchy of languages is difficult to understand
D、there is no hierarchy of languages
答案D
解析 作者一直在强调：语言学家认为语言没有高低贵贱之分。
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