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  3. (1) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has warned pregnant women against travel to several countries in the Caribbea

(1) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has warned pregnant women against travel to several countries in the Caribbea

admin2022-05-02  64
问题     (1) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has warned pregnant women against travel to several countries in the Caribbean and Latin America where the Zika virus is spreading. Infection with the virus appears to be linked to the development of unusually small heads and brain damage in newborns. Some pregnant women who have been to these regions should be tested for the infection, the agency also says. Here are some answers and advice about the outbreak.
    What is the Zika virus?
    (2) A tropical infection new to the Western Hemisphere.
    (3) The Zika virus is a mosquito-transmitted infection related to dengue, yellow fever and West Nile virus. Although it was discovered in the Zika forest in Uganda in 1947 and is common in Africa and Asia, it did not begin spreading widely in the Western Hemisphere until last May, when an outbreak occurred in Brazil.
    (4) Until now, almost no one on this side of the world had been infected. Few of us have immune defenses against the virus, so it is spreading rapidly. Millions of people in tropical regions of the Americas may have had it.
    How is (ho virus spread?
    (5) Mosquitoes, but not every species.
    (6) Zika is spread by mosquitoes of the Aedes species, which can breed in a pool of water as small as a bottle cap and usually bite during the day. The aggressive yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, has spread most Zika cases, but that mosquito is common in the United States only in Florida, along the Gulf Coast, and in Hawaii - although it has been found as far north as Washington in hot weather.
    (7) The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is also known to transmit the virus, but it is not clear how efficiently. That mosquito ranges as far north as New York and Chicago in summer.
    (8) Although the virus is normally spread by mosquitoes, there has been one report of possible spread through blood transfusion.
    How do I know if I’ve been infected? Is there a test?
    (9) It’s often a silent infection, and hard to diagnose.
    (10) Until recently, Zika was not considered a major threat because its symptoms are relatively mild. Only one of five people infected with the virus develop symptoms, which can include fever, rash, joint pain and red eyes. Those infected usually do not have to be hospitalized.
    (11) There is no widely available test for Zika infection. Because it is closely related to dengue and yellow fever, it may cross-react with antibody tests for those viruses. To detect Zika, a blood or tissue sample from the first week in the infection must be sent to an advanced laboratory so the virus can be detected through sophisticated molecular testing.
    Is there a treatment?
    (12) No.
    (13) The C.D.C. does not recommend a particular antiviral medication for people infected with the Zika virus. The symptoms are mild - when they appear at all - and usually require only rest, nourishment and other supportive care.
    How does Zika cause brain damage in infants?
    (14) Experts are only beginning to figure it out.
    (15) Scientists do not fully understand the connection. The possibility that the Zika virus causes microcephaly - unusually small heads and damaged brains -emerged in October, when doctors in northern Brazil noticed a surge in babies with the condition.
    (16) It is not known exactly how common microcephaly has become in that outbreak. About three million babies are born in Brazil each year. Normally, about 150 cases of microcephaly are reported, and Brazil says it is investigating more than 3,500 reported cases.
    (17) But reporting of suspected cases commonly rises during health crises.
    Is there a vaccine? How should people protect themselves?
    (18) Protection is difficult in mosquito-infested regions.
    (19) There is no vaccine against the Zika virus. Efforts to make one have just begun, and creating and testing a vaccine normally takes years and costs hundreds of millions of dollars.
    (20) Because it is impossible to completely prevent mosquito bites, the C.D.C. has advised pregnant women to avoid going to regions where Zika is being transmitted, and has advised women thinking of becoming pregnant to consult doctors before going.
    (21) Travelers to these countries are advised to avoid or minimize mosquito bites by staying in screened or air-conditioned rooms or sleeping under mosquito nets, wearing insect repellent at all times and wearing long pants, long sleeves, shoes and hats.
What is TRUE about the Zika virus?
选项 A、It is infectious and fatal.
B、It damages brains of both pregnant women and their babies.
C、It has no treatment.
D、None of the above.
答案C
解析 推断题。选项A错在后半部分，从文中可以看出Zika病毒虽然是蚊媒传染病，但并不致命。选项B错在混淆了文中对孕妇的警告是说病毒可能对胎儿的大脑发育造成影响，并未提及对孕妇本身也会有同样影响。选项C正确，文中小标题及其下面第一段明确点出没有有效的治疗方案，只能静养。
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