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  3. New Book of Economics —Animal Spirits No two economic crises are identical. But the same questio

New Book of Economics —Animal Spirits No two economic crises are identical. But the same questio

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问题                         New Book of Economics
                            —Animal Spirits
    No two economic crises are identical. But the same questions recur. How did we get into mess? How can we get out of it? How do we avoid another? Some answers repeat themselves too. You can be pretty sure that sooner or later someone, quite possibly an anguished economist, will declare that economics itself has gone astray. The wisdom of some past master, whether celebrated or neglected, has been forgotten, and the economy is paying the price.
    A new book, "Animal Spirits" follows this rule to the letter. The authors seek to answer the first of those three old questions and thus to provide some pointers about the other two. They do indeed believe that economics has lost its way. And their chosen economist is Keynes.
    So far, so familiar. But this book is rather more than the usual lament about the failings of economics. Its authors are two of the discipline’s leading lights. Mr. Akerlof won a Nobel prize in 2001, in part for a classic paper explaining how markets may fail. Mr. Shiller sounded a warning about the " Irrational Exuberance" of the tech-boom stockmarket in a book of that name—and did the same for the housing market in a second edition.
    The lesson that Messrs Akerlof and Shiller draw from Keynes is not just the standard one, of the usefulness of deficit finance in recessions. They borrow their title from "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money".
    Most, probably, of our decisions to do something positive, the full consequences of which will be drawn out over many days to come, can only be taken as a result of animal spirits—of a spontaneous urge to action rather than inaction, and not as the outcome of the weighted average of quantitative benefits multiplied by quantitative probabilities.
    Too much economics, say Mr. Akerlof and Mr. Shiller, has been built on the premise that humans are rational calculators. That is not a new criticism, even from economists. Over the past couple of decades Homo economicus has evolved into a being more like H. sapiens, as economics has drawn on psychology, biology and even neuroscience. "Behavioural" economics has shaped public policy—for instance, in encouraging people to save or in shaping the choice of investments in their pension pots. Behavioural economists have earned Nobel prizes. Mr. Akerlof and Mr. Shiller, however, complain that this evolution has been confined mainly to microeconomics. It is time for macroeconomics to catch up.
Which of the following criticisms is originally raised by Mr. Akerlof and Mr. Shiller?
选项 A、Much economics has been built on the premise that men are rational calculators.
B、Economics has drawn on psychology, biology and even neuroscience.
C、Behavioral economics has shaped public policy in many ways.
D、Evolution in macroeconomics needs to be sped up to catch up.
答案D
解析 推断判断题。根据选择项定位至最后一段。注意题干关于“originally”的表述。根据本段第二句“That is not a new criticism，even from economists．”可知[A]错误。[B]、[C]是对客观事实的描述，选项本身正确，但是不属于Mr．Akerlof和Mr．Shiller提出的批评，所以，不是正确答案。[D]与本段最后两句的意思相符，因而，正确答案是[D]。
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