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  3. In general，our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucraticmanagement in which man becomes a small，we

In general，our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucraticmanagement in which man becomes a small，we

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问题 In general，our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucraticmanagement in which man becomes a small，well-oiled cog in the machinery．The oiling is donewith higher wages，well-ventilated factories and piped music，and by psychologists and“human-relations”experts；yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless。that hedoes not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it．In fact，the blue andthe white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automatedmachines and bureaucratic management．
The worker and employee are anxious，not only because they might find themselves out of ajob；they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life．
They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence asemotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings．
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious．Their lives are no less empty thanthose of their subordinates．They are even more insecure in some respects．They are in a highlycompetitive race．To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matterof self-respect．When they apply for their first job，they are tested for intelligence as well as for theright mixture of submissiveness and independence．From that moment on they are tested again andagain--by the psychologists，for whom testing is a big business，and by their superiors，who judgetheir behavior，sociability，capacity to get along，et@C@This constant need to prove that one is as goodas or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress，the very causes ofunhappiness and illness．
Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenthcentury“free enterprise”capitalism?Certainly not．Problems are never solved by returning to astage which one has already outgrown．I suggest transforming our social system for a bureaucraticallymanaged industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into ahumanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of love and ofreason--are the aims of all social arrangements．Production and consumption should serve only asmeans to this end，and should be prevented from ruling man．
The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that______．
选项 A、they are likely to lose their jobs
B、they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life
C、they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence
D、they are deprived of their individuality and independence
答案D
解析 细节题。本题问工人和职员忧虑的真正原因是什么。关键词是anxietvOf workers…。文章第二段指出了工人和雇员忧虑的原因：
一是可能失业(out of a job)，与A项符合；
二是对生活不能得到真正的满足和兴趣，与B项符合。
第三也是最深刻的原因，他们一生都没有感受到这样一个事实：自己在情感和智力上都是一个独立的、有创造力的人，与D项“被剥夺了个性和独立性”一致；他们一生没有去面对人类生存中的根本现实，与C相反；A、B项只是部分原因，而D项也可能是造成A、B项的原因，因此表达了这一问题的真正原因，故D项为正确答案。
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