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  3. What are dreams for? A handful of theories predominate. Sigmund Freud famously contended that they reveal hidden truths and wish

What are dreams for? A handful of theories predominate. Sigmund Freud famously contended that they reveal hidden truths and wish

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问题     What are dreams for? A handful of theories predominate. Sigmund Freud famously contended that they reveal hidden truths and wishes. More recent research suggests that they may help us process intense emotions, or perhaps sort through and consolidate memories, or make sense of random neuron activity, or rehearse responses to threatening situations. Others argue that dreams have no evolutionary function, but simply dramatize personal concerns.
    Despite being largely unsupported by evidence, Freud’s view maintains a strong following around the world. Researchers found that students in the U.S., South Korea, and India were much more likely to say that dreams reveal hidden truths than to endorse better-substantiated theories. People put great stock in their dreams: In the same study, respondents said that dreaming about a plane crash would cause them more anxiety than an official warning about a terrorist attack.
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答案 什么是梦?少数理论占主导地位。西格蒙德.弗洛伊德有一个著名的论点，即梦揭示了隐藏的真理和愿望。最近的研究表明，它们可以帮助我们处理强烈的情绪，或者整理和巩固记忆，或者理解随机的神经元活动，或者演练对具有威胁的情况的反应。其他人认为梦是没有进化功能的，只是戏剧化地表达了个人的担忧。尽管弗洛伊德的观点在很大程度上没有证据支持，但他在世界各地仍拥有强大的追随者。 研究人员发现，美国、韩国和印度的学生更倾向于认为梦揭示了隐藏的真相，而并不认可证据更充分的理论。人们非常相信自己的梦：在同一项研究中，受访者称梦到飞机失事会比官方发布的恐怖袭击警告更让他们焦虑。
解析     (1)第一段第三句的主干为Sigmund Freud famously contended that…其中，that引导宾语从句，进一步解释说明contend。reveal意为“揭示”，truths and wishes可翻译成“真理和愿望”。
    (2)第一段第四句较长，句子主干为More recent research suggests that…其中，that引导宾语从句，作suggest的宾语。宾语从句中包含了五个并列动词，分别是help，sort through，consolidate，make sense of和rehearse。rehearse本意为“排练”，这里由于搭配需要灵活翻译为“演练”。
    (3)第二段第一句中a strong following意为“强大的追随者”。
    (4)第二段第二句的主干为Researchers found that…其中，that引导宾语从句，作find的宾语。在宾语从句中，be more likely to意为“更倾向于”，better substantiated意为“更有根据的”。
    (5)在最后一句中，put great stock in意为“非常相信”。
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