首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavio
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavio
admin
2017-02-24
61
问题
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behaviour, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavours, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions(as useless as cultivating an unsown field)or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.
Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made(when they are called instincts and not habits at all)were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were moulded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.
This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism—is now, for the first time, created by which the individual(in contradiction to the species)can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always supplementary factors.
Besides human beings, who is able to alter environment by engineering feats?
选项
A、Ant-lion.
B、Beaver.
C、Spider.
D、Insect.
答案
B
解析
细节题。根据关键词”engineering feats”可定位至最后一段倒数第二句a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver,and preeminently by man,可知海狸和人类具备这种能力。因此,正确答案是B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/aQU7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、Thefansaresolelyresponsiblefortheirbehaviors.B、Weshouldn’tonlyblamethefansfortheirbehaviors.C、It’sashameto
A、Tomhaschangedhiscellphonenumber.B、Thewoman’scellphoneisalwaysunreachable.C、Tomwillteachhistoryclassatthat
A、FredisplanningatriptoCanadaB、FredusuallyfliestoCanadawithJane.C、FredpersuadedJanetochangehermind.D、Fredl
A、Openstoresinbusyareasofcities.B、Createspeciallanguage.C、Provideacomfortableenvironment.D、Sellavarietyofprodu
A、Diamond-producingriversaredisappearingbecauseofclimatechange.B、Diamondcouldn’tbeformedwithoutgreatheatandpress
A、Toobservepeople’sattitudetowardsstrangers.B、Toseehowpeoplegetalongwiththeirfriends.C、Totestpeople’sbehavior
A、Tochecktheaccuracyofscales.B、Tocalculatethedensityofothermetals.C、Toobservechangesintheatmosphere.D、Tomeas
A、Studyinaquietplace.B、Improvehergradesgradually.C、Changetheconditionsofherdorm.D、Avoiddistractionswhilestudyi
A、Hewon’tbereadyuntilnextweek.B、HeisavailableanydayexceptWednesday.C、HewillbebusybeforeWednesday.D、Hecanme
A、ThemanmaypickuptheglassesonWednesday.B、Theman’sglasseshavebeenfixedalready.C、Themanmaypickuptheglasseso
随机试题
男,48岁,因乏力、左上腹部饱胀就诊。查体:贫血貌,胸骨压痛明显,脾肋下4cm,质地坚硬,实验室检查:Hb95g/L,WBC38.0×109/L,分类以中晚幼粒及杆状和粒细胞为主,嗜碱性粒细胞8%,血小板200×109/L。骨髓穿刺检查符合慢性粒细胞白血病
A市甲与B市乙在C市签订供销合同,在合同中约定因合同所发生的争议提交仲裁,虽未明确具体的仲裁委员会,但约定适用D仲裁委员会仲裁规则。后双方发生争议,甲与乙就仲裁协议的效力看法不一。甲欲申请法院确定该仲裁协议的效力,则有管辖权的法院是:()
建设项目财务分析中的经营成本,除了包括外购原材料费、外购燃料及动力费、工资及福利费、其他费用外,还包括( )。
图中所示为拟完工程和已完工程计划施工成本的比较,图中△表示t时刻的()。
村民到街道办反映某条道路太暗,需要安装路灯,街道办承诺一个月安装好,但是拖了几个月都没有安,群众意见很大,说街道办不作为。你作为街道办的工作人员,该如何处理?
【2013年浙江省第46题】用1、2、3、4、5、6这6个数字组成不同的六位数,所有这些六位数的平均值是()。
莎士比亚名剧——描写了丹麦王子对谋杀他父亲、骗娶他母亲并篡夺了王位的叔父进行复仇的故事。
WhatfactorcanbeattributedtoGermanprosperity?Theword"expertise"inline3couldbebestreplacedby
TheToriesaretheforerunnersof______,whichstillbearsthenicknametoday.
DearSirs,Hand-embroidered(手绣的)SilkScarfsWethankyouforyourofferbytelexofSeptember3for5,000piecesofthe
最新回复
(
0
)