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  3. All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor

All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor

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问题     All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor. By age three, kids with’ professional parents are already a full year ahead of their poorer peers. They know twice as many words and score 40 points higher on IQ tests. By age 10. the gap is three years. By then, some poor children have not mastered basic reading and math skills, and many never will: this is the age at which failure starts to become irreversible(不可逆转的).
    A few school systems seem to have figured out how to erase these gaps. Finland ensures that every child completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard. Asked about the number of children who don’t complete school in her city, one Finnish district official replied, "I can tell you their names if you want. " In the United States, KIPP(Knowledge Is Power Program)charter schools enroll students from the poorest families and ensure that almost everyone of them graduates high school—80 percent make it to college.
    These success stories offer lessons for the rest of us. First, get children into school early. High-quality preschooling does more for a child’s chances in school and life than any other educational intervention. One study, which began in the 1960s, tracked two groups of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Some were given the opportunity to attend a high-quality preschool; others were not. Thirty-five years later, the kids who went to preschool were earning more, had better jobs, and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.
    Second, pour lots of effort into training teachers. Studies in the United States have shown that kids with the most effective teachers learn three times as much as those with the least effective. Systems such as Singapore’s are choosy about recruiting; they invest in training and continuing education; they evaluate teachers regularly； and they award bonuses(奖金)only to the top performers.
    Finally, recognize the value of individualized attention. In Finland, kids who start to struggle receive one-on-one support from their teachers. Roughly one in three Finnish students also gets extra help from a tutor each year. If we can learn the lesson of what works, we can build on it.
Why does Finland try to ensure everyone’s basic education?
选项 A、To meet the strict standard of its educational system.
B、To assist kids from the poorest families.
C、To bridge the gap between kids from different backgrounds.
D、To avoid failure of poor children without basic skills.
答案C
解析 事实细节题 。第一句是本段的中心句，此句表明有些学校已经知道如何消除由家庭背景造成的差距；第二句通过芬兰的例子加以论证。由此可知，芬兰保证孩子完成学业的目的就是消除这种差距，故答案为C)。
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