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  3. If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is n

If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is n

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问题     If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is not traditionally seen as【C1】________to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired or【C2】________at the lowest possible cost—much【C3】________ one buys raw materials or equipment.
    The lack of importance【C4】________to human resource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second【C5】________command. The【C6】________of head of human resource managements is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who【C7】________it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to【C8】________to Chief Executive Officer (CEO).【C9】________, in Japan the head of human resource management is central—usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm’s【C10】________ .
    As a【C11】________, problems【C12】________when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn【C13】________to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is【C14】________in Germany than it is in the United Stated. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for【C15】________retraining【C16】________costs and creates bottlenecks that【C17】________the speed with【C18】________new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological【C19】________. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population【C20】________the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.
【C1】
选项 A、necessary
B、dispensable
C、central
D、understandable
答案C
解析 本填空考查形容词，此形容词的作用很重要，是对Human resource management的直接定位，四个选项的意思也是大相径庭，选项A)necessary为“必要的”，选项B)dispensable表示“非必要的、可有可无的”，而选项C)central表示“核心的、处于中心位置的”，D)understandable表示“可以理解的”；要准确定位出本填空的最佳形容词，首先涉及对整个文章主线倾向的把握，即本填空是一个利用同现结构法可以定位的答案。很显然，文章的首句已经概括了本文的主线观点和倾向，即“美国企业轻视员工和人力资源是错误的”；把握了这一点，本填空所在的原文句子讲述的是：Human resource management is not traditionally seen as ________to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States．这样四个选项中的最佳选项是最能说明“人力资源管理重要”的形容词，并且文章下一段的首句实际也提示出了本题的答案，我们通过上述对比可以看出这两句话的意思是相似的，所以本填空的答案也是选择一个与importance含义最为接近的词。综合这些线索，首先排除选项B)dispensable(非必要的，可有可无的)，因为这个词汇与主线倾向完全背离。选项D)understandable(可以理解的)也可以排除，因为它表达的意思太轻，远不能承担最佳选项的重任。因此只能在选项C)central(核心的，处于中心位置的)和选项A)necessary(必要的)之间选择，显然C)central的含义更准确，因此答案为选项C)central。
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