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  3. Come on—everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us thinking of when we h

Come on—everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us thinking of when we h

admin2018-01-08  42
问题    Come on—everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us thinking of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good—drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.
   Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.
   The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. "Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers—teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
   But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program prodvices lasting changes is limited and mixed.
   There’ s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits—as well as negative ones—spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.
   Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.
We can infer from the last paragraph that the attitude of the author towards the effect of peer pressure is______.
选项 A、profound
B、harmful
C、questionable
D、desirable
答案C
解析 此题为观点态度题。末段首句Far less certain，however，is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions直接点明该段的主题，意思是“然而，远不能确定的是专家和官员们能在什么程度上成功地选择出我们的同龄人群并且将他们的行为导向正确的方向”。下文是举例解释这种情况，正如在学校里那样，在真实的社会中我们会坚持自己选择朋友，由此可见，作者对同侪压力的效果存在质疑。因此判断C选项“质疑的；可疑的”为正确答案。
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