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  3. Some guidelines that advise people how to lose weight are seriously flawed and grossly overstate how quickly they will reach the

Some guidelines that advise people how to lose weight are seriously flawed and grossly overstate how quickly they will reach the

admin2012-07-05  91
问题     Some guidelines that advise people how to lose weight are seriously flawed and grossly overstate how quickly they will reach their targets, scientists say.
    Researchers found people lost only half as much weight as expected in a year if they followed the advice given by the U. S. health organizations.
    The problem came to light when government scientists at the U. S. National Institutes of Health in Maryland realized standard weight loss advice failed to account for changes in metabolism (新陈代谢) as people lost weight.
    The rule used by the health organizations assumes that if a person cuts 500 calories from his daily diet, he will lose about 450g each week, regardless of how long he adhered to the regime (制度). But as people lose weight, their metabolism slows until they reach a new stable bodyweight. Their weight loss is further complicated by how much body fat and muscle they have when they start dieting.
    Using the flawed weight loss guidelines, obesity rates in the U. S. could be cut from 67% to 50% in five years. But when he did the calculation again, taking metabolism into account, the figures were less rosy. After five years of the tax, obesity might drop to 62% , but crucially fall no further.
    Last year, researchers writing in the Lancet called on governments to bring in measures to reverse the rise of obesity, which could affect an extra 11 million people in the UK in the next 20 years. Almost 50% of British men could be obese by 2030, they wrote.
    Based on the work, Hall and his colleagues have created an online tool that people from adolescence to late middle age can use to get more accurate advice on how to lose weight. The tool, which can be used by GPs and patients, then works out how many calories they need to cut, either through dieting or more exercise, and how they can then maintain the healthier weight.
    Rather than demoralizing (使......失去信心) people, Hall hopes more accurate advice would help overweight and obese people have realistic expectations.
Scientists say people who follow some guidelines of losing weight will______.
选项 A、know how to lose weight
B、reach their targets quickly
C、realize they have serious flaws
D、lose weight less than expected
答案D
解析 推理判断题。根据定位句，科学家认为一些建议人们如何减肥的指导存在严重缺陷，并过分夸大了减肥者达到减肥目标的速度，由此可推测出，这些人的体重的减少比预期要低，故D)为答案。A)不是科学家的观点，故排除；根据定位句，遵循一些减肥指导的人无法快速达到其减肥目标，B)的内容与之相悖，故排除；科学家指出这些指导存在缺陷，而非这些减肥的人意识到它们有缺陷，故排除C)。
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