2. 计算机
  3. The beauty of software is in its function，in its internal structure，and in the way in whichit is created by a team．To a user,a p

The beauty of software is in its function，in its internal structure，and in the way in whichit is created by a team．To a user,a p

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问题  The beauty of software is in its function，in its internal structure，and in the way in whichit is created by a team．To a user,a program with just the right features presented through anintuitive and (71)_______ interface is beautiful．To a software designer,an intemal structure that is partitioned in a simple and intuitive manner,and that minimizes internal coupling is beautiful．To developers and managers，a motivated team of developers making significant progressevery week，and producing defect-free code，is beautiful．There is beauty on all these levels．
  Our world needs software--lots of software．Fifty years ago software was something thatran in a few big and expensive machines．Thirty years ago it was something that ran in mostcompanies and industrial settings．Now there is software running in our cell phones，watches，appliances，automobiles，toys，and tools．And need for new and better software never (72)_______．
As our civilization grows and expands，as developing nations build their infrastructures，asdeveloped nations strive to achieve ever greater efficiencies，the need for more and more software(73)_______to increase．It would be a great shame if,in all that software，there was nobeauty．
  We know that software can be ugly．We know that it can be hard to use，unreliable，andcarelessly structured．We know that there are software systems whose tangled and carelessintemal structures make them expensive and difficult to change．We know that there are software systems that present their features through an awkward and cumbersome interface.We know that there are software systems that crash and misbehave．These are (74)_______. systems．Unfortunately,as a profession，software developers tend to create more ugly systemsthan beautiful ones．
    There is a secret that the best software developers know．Beauty is cheaper than ugliness．Beauty is faster than ugliness．A beautiful software system can be built and maintained in lesstime，and for less money,than an ugly one．Novice software developers don’t understand this．They think that they have to do everything fast and quick．They think that beauty is (75)_______．No!By doing things fast and quick，they make messes that make the software stiff,and hard to understand．Beautiful systems are flexible and easy to understand．Building them and maintaining them is a joy．It is ugliness that is impractical．Ugliness will slow you down and make your software expensive and brittle．Beautiful systems cost the least to build and maintain，and are delivered soonest．

(71)
选项 A、simple
B、hard
C、complex
D、duplicated
答案A
解析  软件之美在于它的功能、内部结构以及团队创建它的过程。对用户而言，通过直观、简单的界面呈现出恰当特性的程序就是美的。对软件设计者而言，被简单、直观地分割，并具有最小内部耦合的内部结构就是美的。对开发人员和管理者而言，每周都会取得重大进展，并且编写出无缺陷代码的具有活力的团队就是美的。美存在于所有这些层次之中。
人们需要软件——需要许多软件。50年前，软件还只是运行在少量大型、昂贵的机器之上。30年前，软件可以运行在大多数公司和工业环境之中。现在，移动电话、手表、电器、汽车、玩具以及工具中都运行有软件，并且对更新、更好的软件的需求永远不会停止。随着人类文明的发展和壮大，随着发展中国家不断构建基础设施，随着发达国家努力追求更高的效率，对越来越多的软件的需求不断增加。如果在所有这些软件之中，都没有美存在，这将会是一个很大的遗憾。
我们知道软件可能会是丑陋的。我们知道软件可能会难以使用、不可靠并且是粗制滥造的：我们知道有一些软件系统，其混乱、粗糙的内部结构使得对它们的更改既昂贵又困难；我们还见过那些通过笨拙、难以使用的界面展现其特性的软件系统；我们同样也见过那些易崩溃且行为不当的软件系统。这些都是丑陋的系统。糟糕的是，作为一种职业，软件开发人员所创建出来的美的东西却往往少于丑的东西。
    最好的软件开发人员都知道一个秘密：美的东西比丑的东西创建起来更廉价，也更快捷。构建、维护一个美的软件系统所花费的时间、金钱都要少于丑的系统。软件开发新手往往不理解这一点。他们认为做每件事情都必须要快，他们认为美是不实用的。错!由于事情做得过快，他们造成的混乱致使软件僵化，难以理解。美的系统是灵活、易于理解的，构建、维护它们就是一种快乐。丑陋的系统才是不实用的。丑陋会降低你的开发速度，使你的软件昂贵而又脆弱。构建、维护美的系统所花费的代价最少，交付起来也最快。
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