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  3. Traditionally, the first firm to commercialize a new technology has benefited from the unique opportunity to shape product defin

Traditionally, the first firm to commercialize a new technology has benefited from the unique opportunity to shape product defin

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问题     Traditionally, the first firm to commercialize a new technology has benefited from the unique opportunity to shape product definitions, forcing followers to adapt to a standard or invest in an unproven alternative. Today, however, the largest payoffs may go to companies that lead in developing integrated approaches for successful mass production and distribution.
    Producers of the Beta format for video cassette recorders (VCR’s), for example, were first to develop the VCR commercially in 1975, but producers of the rival VHS (Video Home System) format proved to be more successful at forming strategic alliances with other producers and distributors to manufacture and market their VCR format. Seeking to maintain exclusive control over VCR distribution. Beta producers were reluctant to form such alliances and eventually lost ground to VHS in the competition for the global VCR market.
    Despite Beta’s substantial technological head start and the fact that VHS was neither technically  better nor cheaper than Beta, developers of VHS quickly turned a slight early lead in sales into a dominant position. Strategic alignments with producers of prerecorded tapes reinforced the VHS advantage. The perception among consumers that prerecorded tapes were more available in VHS format further expanded VHS’s share of the market. By the end of the 1980’s, Beta was no longer in production.
According to the passage, consumers began to develop a preference for VCR’s in the VHS format be cause they believed which of the following?
选项 A、VCR’s in the VI-IS format were technically better than competing-format VCR’s.
B、VCR’s in the VI-IS format were less expensive than competing-format VCR’s.
C、VHS was the first standard format for VCR’s.
D、VHS prerecorded videotapes were more available than Beta-format tapes.
答案D
解析 因果题。消费者一开始偏好VHS型号的录像机是因为他们相信：A．技术更好。原文第三段第一句技术，价格都没有优势。B．见A。C．是最初的录像机型号。最初是Beta型号。D．正确，其预录磁带比其他型号易得。见第二段倒数第二句。
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