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  3. The United States court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual hierarchies; there are bot

The United States court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual hierarchies; there are bot

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问题     The United States court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual hierarchies; there are both state and federal courts. Each state has its own system of courts, 【C1】______ of civil and criminal trial courts, sometimes【C2】______ courts of appeal, and a state supreme court. The federal court system consists【C3】______a series of trial courts(called district courts)【C4】_____ relatively small geographic regions(there is at least one for every state), a tier of circuit courts of appeal that【C5】______ appeals from many district courts in a particular geographic region, and the Supreme Court of the United States.
    The two court systems are to some extent【C6】______, in that certain kinds of disputes(such as a claim that a state law is in【C7】______of the Constitution) may be【C8】______ in either system. There are also to some extent【C9】______, for the federal system stands above the state system in【C10】______ litigants (person engaged in lawsuits)who 【C11】______ their cases in the state supreme court may appeal their cases to the Supreme Court of the United States.
    Thus, the typical court case 【C12】______ in a trial court—a court of general jurisdiction—in the state or federal system. Most cases go no 【C13】______ than the trial court; for example, the criminal【C14】______ is convicted(by a trial or a guilty plea)and 【C15】______ by the court and the case ends; the personal injury suit results in a judgment by a trial court(or an out-of-court【C16】______ by the parties while the court suit is pending)and the parties leave the court system.【C17】______ sometimes the losing party at the trial court cares【C18】______about the cause that the matter doe not end there. In these 【C19】______, the "loser" at the trial court may【C20】______to the next higher court.
【C1】
选项 A、framed
B、made
C、formed
D、composed
答案D
解析 动词辨析题。四个选项都有“构成”之意，但用法及侧重各有不同：frame做动词时表示“形成(某人、某事)的框子”，例如：A dense mass of black hairframed his face．浓密的黑发衬托着他的面庞。make需与up连用表示“构成”，例如：The committee is made up of representatives from every state．(委员会是由每个州的代表构成的)。form表示“形成、构成或产生某事物”需要与介词from搭配，例如：form a bowl from clay(用陶土做碗)。compose与介词of搭配，表示“构成”，例如：Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen．水是由氢和氧化合而成的。由于原句空格后接的介词是of，所以答案是[D]composed。
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