首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
AlphaZero seems to express insight. It plays like no computer ever has, intuitively and beautifully, with a romantic, attacking
AlphaZero seems to express insight. It plays like no computer ever has, intuitively and beautifully, with a romantic, attacking
admin
2020-12-01
55
问题
AlphaZero seems to express insight. It plays like no computer ever has, intuitively and beautifully, with a romantic, attacking style. It plays gambits and takes risks. In some games it paralyzed Stockfish and toyed with it. While conducting its attack in Game 10, AlphaZero retreated its queen back into the corner of the board on its own side, far from Stockfish’s king, not normally where an attacking queen should be placed.
Yet this peculiar retreat was venomous: No matter how Stockfish replied, it was doomed. It was almost as if AlphaZero was waiting for Stockfish to realize, after billions of brutish calculations, how hopeless its position truly was, so that the beast could relax and expire peacefully, like a vanquished bull before a matador. Grandmasters had never seen anything like it. AlphaZero had the finesse of a
virtuoso
and the power of a machine. It was humankind’s first glimpse of an awesome new kind of intelligence.
When AlphaZero was first unveiled, some observers complained that Stockfish had been lobotomized by not giving it access to its book of memorized openings. This time around, even with its book, it got crushed again. And when AlphaZero handicapped itself by giving Stockfish ten times more time to think, it still destroyed the brute. Tellingly, AlphaZero won by thinking smarter, not faster; it examined only 60 thousand positions a second, compared to 60 million for Stockfish. It was wiser, knowing what to think about and what to ignore. By discovering the principles of chess on its own, AlphaZero developed a style of play that "reflects the truth" about the game rather than "the priorities and prejudices of programmers," Mr. Kasparov wrote in a commentary accompanying the Science article.
The question now is whether machine learning can help humans discover similar truths about the things we really care about: the great unsolved problems of science and medicine, such as cancer and consciousness; the riddles of the immune system, the mysteries of the genome.
The early signs are encouraging. Last August, two articles in Nature Medicine explored how machine learning could be applied to medical diagnosis. In one, researchers at DeepMind teamed up with clinicians at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London to develop a deep-learning
algorithm
that could classify a wide range of retinal pathologies as accurately as human experts can. (Ophthalmology suffers from a severe shortage of experts who can interpret the millions of diagnostic eye scans performed each year; artificially intelligent assistants could help enormously.)
The other article concerned a machine-learning algorithm that decides whether a CT scan of an emergency-room patient shows signs of a stroke, an intracranial hemorrhage or other critical neurological event. For stroke victims, every minute matters; the longer treatment is delayed, the worse the outcome tends to be. (Neurologists have a grim saying: "Time is brain.") The new algorithm flagged these and other critical events with an accuracy comparable to human experts — but it did so 150 times faster. A faster diagnostician could allow the most urgent cases to be triaged sooner, with review by a human radiologist.
What is frustrating about machine learning, however, is that the algorithms can’t articulate what they’re thinking. We don’t know why they work, so we don’t know if they can be trusted. AlphaZero gives every appearance of having discovered some important principles about chess, but it can’t share that understanding with us. Not yet, at least. As human beings, we want more than answers. We want insight. This is going to be a source of tension in our interactions with computers from now on.
In fact, in mathematics, it’s been happening for years already. Consider the longstanding math problem called the four-color map theorem. It proposes that, under certain reasonable constraints, any map of contiguous countries can always be colored with just four colors such that no two neighboring countries are colored the same.
Although the four-color theorem was proved in 1977 with the help of a computer, no human could check all the steps in the argument. Since then, the proof has been validated and simplified, but there are still parts of it that entail brute-force computation, of the kind employed by AlphaZero’s chess-playing computer ancestors. This development annoyed many mathematicians. They didn’t need to be reassured that the four-color theorem was true; they already believed it. They wanted to understand why it was true, and this proof didn’t help.
The word "algorithm" underlined in Paragraph 5 most probably means______.
选项
A、computer program
B、medical treament
C、scientific diagnosis
D、mathematical device
答案
A
解析
语义题。algorithm意为“运算法则,计算程序”,故A为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/awMO777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI二级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI二级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
A、tothelocalgovernmentB、intothecountryinwhichtheyhavebeenbuiltC、abroadD、tothelocalinhabitantsC推理判断题。关于一些旅馆的利润,
IMF’sConcernaboutZimbabwe’sEconomyVocabularyandExpressionsInternationalMonetaryFundmacro-economicfundamentals
IMF’sConcernaboutZimbabwe’sEconomyVocabularyandExpressionsInternationalMonetaryFundmacro-economicfundamentals
IMF’sConcernaboutZimbabwe’sEconomyVocabularyandExpressionsInternationalMonetaryFundmacro-economicfundamentals
IMF’sConcernaboutZimbabwe’sEconomyVocabularyandExpressionsInternationalMonetaryFundmacro-economicfundamentals
WhatisthecommitmentoftheMalawigovernmentaccordingtotheMOU?
WhatisPresidentTrump’sattitudetowardsforeignaid?
Peopleinwealthiernationsstronglysupportedthegovernmentstodomoretohelp.
Wemayhavesuspecteditalready,butnowthescience【C1】______:unmarriedandchildlesswomenarethehappiestsubgroupinthe
随机试题
不属于甲亢临床表现的是
A末梢神经炎B高尿酸血症C过敏反应D听力障碍E球后视神经炎乙胺丁醇的主要不良反应为
下列关于强痛定描述正确的是
对调节经常性血糖波动作用不大的激素是
A、微晶纤维素B、碳酸氢钠C、硬脂酸镁D、乙基纤维素E、滑石粉疏水性润滑剂是()
[2011年典型真题]America’smostpopularnewspaperwebsitetodayannouncedthattheeraoffreeonlinejournalismisdrawingtoaclose
构想效度是()。
关于行为主义心理学研究的一般技术路线,下列说法中正确的是()。
1.有资料显示,我国农业科研投资强度(即农业科研投资占农业GDP的比重)为0.77%,同期全国的科研投资强度为1.7%,农业科研投资强度的国际平均水平是1%,发达国家一般为3%~5%。据调查,我国国家级农业科研究院项目的稳定支持经费仅为20%~30%。由于
StudentsofUnitedStateshistory,seekingtoverifythecircumstances1.______thatencouragedtheemergenceoffeministmoveme
最新回复
(
0
)