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  3. The A-list was created by James Ulmer, an entertainment journalist. Ulmer created the "Ulmer Scale" to determine bankable stars,

The A-list was created by James Ulmer, an entertainment journalist. Ulmer created the "Ulmer Scale" to determine bankable stars,

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问题    The A-list was created by James Ulmer, an entertainment journalist. Ulmer created the "Ulmer Scale" to determine bankable stars, actors who guarantee the success of a movie simply by appearing in it. In 2002, for example, the Ulmer Scale assessed actor Tom Cruise at 100 points and the budget for his movie Minority Report was $102 million. According to the scale, the movie should have made 100% (Cruise = 100 points) or $102 million simply because Tom Cruise was in the movie. In actual fact, the movie made over $300m worldwide. Other bankable stars that year were Tom Hanks and Julia Roberts. In 2006, Tom Cruise and Tom Hanks still topped the list while Julia Roberts and Nicole Kidman were the only women in the Top Ten.
   Celebrity and fame are directly related to the mass media that report on particular individuals. Thus, some celebrities are famous worldwide (for example, Brad Pitt and Madonna) while others are only famous within their country or region. Some examples of such famous people in their own countries include Japanese musician Ayumi Hamasaki, Korean actress Hyun Kyung Oh, Thai entertainer Bird Thongchai Mcintyre, and Chinese astronauts Yang Liwei, Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng. Celebrities can include not only movie stars and television actors, but also politicians, television reporters and game show hosts, models, astronauts, athletes, and musicians.
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答案 娱乐杂志记者詹姆斯-厄尔默创立了一个所谓的“王牌明星榜”。厄尔默把那些只要在电影里露面就能保证该电影成功的明星演员列入了该榜。比如在2002年，该榜就给汤姆-克鲁斯打了100分，并预计他主演的《少数派报告》的票房收入能达到一亿零两百万美元。据此推测，就因为有汤姆-克鲁斯主演该影片就应获得100％的满意度(汤姆-克鲁斯=100分)或者一亿零两百万美元的票房收入。而事实上，该电影在世界范围内竟突破了三亿美元的票房。同年其他榜上有名的实力派明星有汤姆-汉克斯和朱丽娅-罗伯茨。2006年汤姆-克鲁斯和汤姆-汉克斯仍高居榜首，而朱丽娅-罗伯茨和妮可-基德曼是高居榜首前十名的明星中仅有的两位女性。 名人与名气往往与专门报道某些个人的大众媒体直接相关。因此，有些名人是世界闻名的(如布拉德-皮特和麦当娜)，而有些只在自己的国家或地区小有名气，例如日本著名女歌手滨崎步、韩国女演员吴贤庆、泰国巨星飞鸟通猜以及中国的宇航员杨利伟、费俊龙、聂海胜等。名人不仅包括影视明星，也包括政治家、电视记者、娱乐节目主持人、模特、宇航员、运动员和音乐人等。
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