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  3. The Trades Union Congress (TUC) has urged the government to use productivity gains from the greater use of robots and artificial

The Trades Union Congress (TUC) has urged the government to use productivity gains from the greater use of robots and artificial

admin2020-11-04  42
问题    The Trades Union Congress (TUC) has urged the government to use productivity gains from the greater use of robots and artificial intelligence to reverse planned changes to the state pension age.
   Before its annual congress in Brighton, the TUC said higher levels of productivity thanks to technological innovation ought to bring greater benefits for working people. It said recent progress had mainly benefited business owners, rather than being shared across the workforce through better wages and working conditions.
   Analysis from the accountants PricewaterhouseCoopers suggests GDP could receive a 10% boost from productivity gains linked to artificial intelligence by 2030, helping to bolster the British economy as it seeks to escape a period of weak output growth. That could relieve the pressure on workers to stay in employment into their late 60s, according to the TUC. The government announced in July that it would increase the state pension age from 67 to 68 between 2037 and 2039. Prances O’Grady, the TUC general secretary, said: "Robots and AI could let us produce more for less, boosting national prosperity. But we need a debate about who benefits from this wealth, and how workers get a fair share. "
   There have been previous waves of technological advances since the first Industrial Revolution, when inefficient jobs have been replaced by machines or the number of people required to do work has been reduced. Such advances have not led to an overall loss of jobs., but have disrupted the type of work people do.
   There are concerns that the current phase of innovation could be more damaging, while the rewards from higher productivity have not necessarily translated into higher wages. The latest available figures show low levels of unemployment unseen since the mid-1970s, but growth in real wages remains negative as inflation outstrips (超过) a sluggish (迟缓的) earnings growth.
   In 1950, almost one in three workers worked in manufacturing, while one in twelve worked in professional and technical services. By 2016 the proportions had reversed, but the jobs lost in manufacturing were not replaced by jobs of similar or better quality in the communities affected. Wages in former industrial areas were still 10% below the national average.
   The increase in the state pension age, which was controversially brought forward by seven years by the Work and Pensions Secretary, David Gauke, is expected to affect about 7 million people in their late 30s and early 40s. As well as reversing the move on the pension age, the TUC said workers should be given the right to a midlife career review, while firms should invest more in workplace training. At present, the UK invests just half of the EU average, it said. O’Grady said; "Robots are not just terminators. Some of today’s jobs will not survive, but new jobs will be created. We must make sure that tomorrow’s jobs are no worse than today’s. "
Which of the following statements is Frances O’Grady most; likely to agree with?
选项 A、Technological advances should result in people’s well-being.
B、Sixty-seven should be the upper limit for the state pension age.
C、The cost saved by robots and AI should be shared among people.
D、The use of robots and AI is bound to reduce the number of jobs.
答案A
解析 推理判断题。由定位句可知，奥格拉迪说机器人：和人工智能让人们以更低的成本制造更多的产品，促进国家繁荣，但是人们需要探讨由此带来的财富谁会从中受益，并提出工人们应分得自己应得的一份。由此可知，奥格拉迪也认为技术进步应该旨在提高人民福祉，故答案为A)，同时排除C)。原文第三段第三句提到，政府曾在七月份宣布，在2037年至2039年期间，退休年龄将从67岁提高到68岁，故排除B)“67岁应该成为国家退休年龄的上限”；原文第四段提到，这些进步并没有整体减少工作岗位，但是扰乱了人们的工作类型，故排除D)“机器人和人工智能的使用一定会减少工作岗位”。
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