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  3. The Nobels are the originals, of course. However, not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. There are now hundreds of awards a

The Nobels are the originals, of course. However, not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. There are now hundreds of awards a

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问题     The Nobels are the originals, of course. However, not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. There are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.
    The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly American) film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.
    But it’s not only films—there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with The Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year—building a garden shed.
    Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for "Innovation in English Language Teaching".
    Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win "patronage" from rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.
    Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process. However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books.
    Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits—but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself! On the surface, it seems to be a "win-win" situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?
Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 4?
选项 A、Awards ceremonies are held for local people.
B、Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.
C、Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.
D、Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.
答案D
解析 本题的题干没有特殊关键词，且属于段落定位题，问的是第四段的主题是什么。答案线索定位在第四段。根据第四段的内容，世界各地的许多小城镇和社区不但给作家、艺术家，还会给高中、大学毕业生颁奖，英国文化协会也有自己的奖项，说明奖项名目繁多，因此选项D属于全体概括，是正确答案。选项A来自第四段第一句话，许多小镇和社区也会为当地艺术家或作家(writers or artists)颁奖，但只是文中列举内容的其中一项。属于以偏概全。选项B属于曲解文意，因为文中列举的颁奖名目繁多，作家、艺术家、高中毕业生、大学毕业生和教学者都有相应奖项，并未专门强调重要场合(important occasions)。选项C属于以偏概全，文中所列的获奖对象除了作家和艺术家这样的特定职业(certain professions)外，还有普通的高中和大学毕业生。第四段：世界各地的城镇、社区和机构为各类对象设置了各种奖项。
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