首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In the late years of the nineteenth century, "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on m
In the late years of the nineteenth century, "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on m
admin
2009-03-16
61
问题
In the late years of the nineteenth century, "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. Meanwhile the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. During the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialisation. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilisation.
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of employees in the company in which they held shares, and their influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the workers and their demands, but even he had seldom familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employers had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business. Indeed the mere size of operations and the number of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organisation of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.
选项
A、were ruined by the younger generations.
B、failed for lack of individual initiative.
C、lacked efficiency compared with modern companies.
D、were able to supply adequate services to taxpayers.
答案
C
解析
作者说旧式的家族企业:选项A:旧式的家族企业被年轻一代毁掉。文章第一段是提到了,但这不是文章所要说的重点。文章主要在谈有限责任公司和股东。选项B:旧式的家族企业缺少个人主动性。很显然不正确,旧式的家族企业的创始人是积极肯干的,只是第二代第三代缺少激情。选项C:旧式的家族企业和现代企业相比缺少效率,正确。选项D:能向纳税人提供全方位的服务和设施。这不是旧式的家族企业,而是市政府等公益部门的主要职责。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/bHPd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Anallergyisanunusuallystrongreaction(31)asubstance.Manythingscancauseallergies.Themostcommoncauseispollen.T
Anallergyisanunusuallystrongreaction(31)asubstance.Manythingscancauseallergies.Themostcommoncauseispollen.T
Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould______.thearticlewaswrittentoexplain_
Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweird.Buttheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyet
RecentsurveysshowthatJapaneseyouthhavebecomea"MeGeneration"thatrejectstraditionalvalues."Around1980manyJap
Whatisthemainproblemcausedbytheusualwayofplowing?
Asthe2lstcenturybegins,anumberofleadersinpolitics,education,andotherprofessionsbelievethattheUnitedStatesmus
What’stheaverageincreaseperyearofforeignstudentpopulationintheperiodbetween1985and1990intermsofpercentage?
Political答案在独白第四句:Hestudiedpoliticalscience...(他在哈佛大学学习政治学)。
reputation在第七个话轮中女士问到了男士选择牛津大学ATS学院进行飞行培训的原因,男士回答说:Because...hasanexcellentreputation,由于只能填入一个单词,所以修饰语excellent省去。
随机试题
Themanagerneedsanassistantthathecan______totakecareofproblemsinhisabsence.
患者,男,70岁,腰腿疼痛4年,遇寒加重,夜间尤甚,得温痛减,舌淡苔白,脉沉迟,治疗应首选()
龚建柱是某中学教师,30岁,每月税后收入4000元,年终奖金10000元;龚太太是某公司文秘,25岁,每月税后收入3000元。(1)家庭资产负债情况:现金及活期存款3万元、定期性存款2万元、基金2万元、按揭住房一套140万元,黄
与等额本息还款法比较而言,等额本金还款法()。
某企业应收账款收账政策的备选方案A和B的有关资料如下,请据此编制收账政策分析评价表,并作出决策。收账政策分析评价表见下表。
2015年1—3月,国有企业营业总收入103155.5亿元,同比下降6%。其中,中央企业收入63191.3亿元,同比下降7%。地方国有企业收入39964.2亿元,同比下降4.2%。1--3月,国有企业营业总成本100345.5亿元,同比下降5.1%,其中
隐形飞机能“隐形”,主要是靠采用了一系列隐形高新技术,其中包括机体骨架和蒙皮的隐形材料、表面隐形涂敷材料、外形隐形结构、降红外辐射技术、降噪技术和电子干扰技术等。制造隐形飞机骨架和蒙皮的隐形材料有好几种,用得最多的是碳纤维增强树脂复合材料、碳纤维和碳素基体
在SQLSELECT语句中为了将查询结果存储到临时表应该使用短语( )。
Abridgingloanisaloanwhichisgrantedtopurchaseacar.
Itwassurprisingthatheshowedsolittle______athissister’sdeath.
最新回复
(
0
)