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Industrial psychology is the application of various psychological techniques to the selection and training of industrial workers

admin2012-08-03  42
问题     Industrial psychology is the application of various psychological techniques to the selection and training of industrial workers and to the promotion of efficient working conditions and techniques, as well as individual job satisfaction.
    The selection of workers for particular jobs is essentially a problem of discovering the special aptitudes and techniques, and personality characteristics needed for the job and of devising tests to determine whether candidates have such aptitudes and characteristics. The development of tests of this kind has long been a field of psychological research. Once the worker is on the job and has been trained, the fundamental aim of the industrial psychologist is to find ways in which a particular job can best be accomplished with a minimum of effort and a maximum of individual satisfaction. The psychologist’s function, therefore, differs from that of the so-called efficiency expert, who places primary emphasis on increased production. (76) Psychological techniques used to lessen the effort involved in a given job include a detailed study of the motion required to do the job, the equipment used, and the conditions under which the job is performed. After making such a study, the industrial psychologist often determines that the job in question may be accomplished with less effort by changing the routine motions of the work itself, changing or moving the tools, improving the working conditions, or a combination of several of these methods.
    (77) Industrial psychologists have also studied the effects of fatigue on workers to determine the length of working time that yields the greatest productivity. In some cases such studies have proven that total production on particular jobs could be increased by reducing the number of working hours or by increasing the number of rest periods, or "breaks", during the day. Industrial psychologists may also suggest less direct requirements for general improvement of job performance, such as establishing a better line of communication between employees and management.
In an industrial psychologist’s mind, all of the following is important EXCEPT______.
选项 A、the steps in which work is done
B、the state of mind of a worker when working
C、the effect of working environment on a worker
D、the value of the product a worker is making
答案D
解析 本题属反向排除题。题句问“在产业心理学家的脑海中，下列选项除之外，其他选项全都重要。”先找出短文中讲到了问题中的哪几个选项。A、B、C三项的内容全部都涉及了，唯独没讲到D项“工人制造的产品价值”，故应选D。
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