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  3. Columnist: Metro City has a lower percentage of residents with humanities degrees than any other city of comparable size in our

Columnist: Metro City has a lower percentage of residents with humanities degrees than any other city of comparable size in our

admin2022-10-18  93
问题 Columnist: Metro City has a lower percentage of residents with humanities degrees than any other city of comparable size in our nation. Nationwide, university graduates generally earn more than people who are not university graduates, but those with humanities degrees typically earn less than do graduates with degrees in other disciplines. So the main reason Metro City has higher income per capita than any other city of comparable size in our nation must be its low percentage of residents with humanities degrees.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the columnist’s argument?
选项 A、Metro City residents with humanities degrees have higher income per capita than do people with humanities degrees in any other city of comparable size in the nation.
B、The percentage of residents with university degrees is lower in Metro City than in any other city of comparable size in the nation.
C、Nationwide, university graduates without humanities degrees typically earn more than do individuals without university degrees.
D、Metro City residents with degrees outside the humanities have per capita income no higher than the per capita income of such residents of other cities of comparable size in the nation.
E、In Metro City, a lower proportion of university graduates have humanities degrees than in any other city of comparable size in the nation.
答案D
解析 Which one of the five answer options provides the information that most strengthens the columnist argument?
The columnist’s reasoning seeks to explain why Metro City has higher per capita earnings than any city of comparable size. It attributes this o the fact that Metro City has a lower percentage of residents with humanities degrees than do these other comparable cities.
Suppose the residents with university degrees outside the humanities had a higher per capita
income than such residents in the comparable cities nationwide. If that were the case, then that would indicate that the higher per capita income of such residents is sufficient to explain Metro City’s divergence in per capita income from the comparable cities.
That is, if we have information to indicate that is NOT the case, the case for the explanation offered—a lower percentage of residents with humanities degrees—is strengthened.
A    This weakens the columnist’s explanation by offering a potential alternative explanation: the higher per capita incomes of those with humanities degrees in Metro City might explain the higher per capita income of Metro City residents.
B    This does not lend additional support to the columnist’s explanation. It suggests other possible explanations: first, the holders of degrees outside of humanities may have extraordinarily high incomes even for such graduates nationwide; second, Metro City may be unusual in having workers without university degrees who have an unusually high per capita income; third, both of these groups may have unusually high per capita incomes.
C    This does not lend additional support to the columnist’s explanation. However, it is well-supported by the information offered in support of the argument’s conclusion: university graduates generally earn more than others, and among university graduates, humanities graduates earn less than others.
D    Correct. As explained above, this information, by eliminating an alternative explanation to that offered in the argument’s conclusion, strengthens the argument.
E    This information is consistent with the information provided in support of the argument’s conclusion. It does not, however, provide additional support for the argument’s conclusion. This information is consistent with alternative explanations for the higher per capita income of Metro City’s residents. That is, for example, that the holders of non-humanities degrees, or those with no degrees at all, have particularly high per capita income.
The correct answer is D.
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