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  3. Control an University Logistic Number, Boycott School Fees Rise Over the last two decades, colleges and universities doubled

Control an University Logistic Number, Boycott School Fees Rise Over the last two decades, colleges and universities doubled

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问题             Control an University Logistic Number, Boycott School Fees Rise
    Over the last two decades, colleges and universities doubled their full-time support staff while enrollment increased only 40 percent, according to a new analysis of government data. During the same period, the staff of fulltime instructors, or equivalent personnel, rose about 50 percent, while the number of managers increased slightly more than 50 percent.
    The data, based on United States Department of Education filings from more than 2,782 colleges, come from 1987 to 2007, before the current recession prompted many colleges to freeze their hiring.
    Neither the report nor outside experts on college affordability went so far as to argue that the increase in support staff was directly responsible for soaring tuition. Most experts say that the largest driver of tuition increases has been the decline in state financing for higher education.
    Still, the findings raise concerns about administrative bloat, and the increasing focus on the social and residential nature of college life, as opposed to academics.
    " On a case-by-case basis, many of these hiring decisions might be good ones, but over all, it’s not a sustainable trend." Said Pat Callan, president of the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education.
    " At a time when we’re trying to do something to hold down tuition increases," Mr. Callan added, "this gives us a pretty good clue where we ought to be looking. And it does raise questions about the conventional wisdom that you can’t do anything to control tuition without affecting academic quality."
    The growth in support staff included some jobs that did not exist 20 years ago, like environmental sustainability officers and a broad array of information technology workers. The support staff category includes many different jobs, like residential-life staff, admissions and recruitment officers, fundraisers, loan counselors,etc.
    "A lot of it is definitely trying to keep up with the Joneses," said Daniel Bennett, a labor economist. " Universities and colleges are catering more to students, trying to make college a lifestyle, not just people getting an education. There’s more social programs, more athletics, more trainers, more sustainable environmental programs."
    On average, public colleges have about 8 employees per 100 students, and private colleges about 9, according to the report.
    In the 20-year period, the report found, the greatest number of jobs added, more than 630, 000, were instructors—but three-quarters of those were part-time. Converted to full-time equivalents, those resulted in a total of 939,000 teaching jobs, up from 614,000 in 1987.
    The largest number of full-time jobs added, more than 278,000, were for support staffs, and grew to more than half a million positions in 2007, from 292,000 in 1987. Colleges also added some 65, 000 management positions, almost all of them full time; all told, they had 185, 000 managers in 2007, up from about 120,000 managers 20 years earlier.
What can we infer from the passage?
选项 A、Over the last two decades, colleges altered the composition of their work force.
B、In the past twenty years, the number of full-time instructors increased by 630,000.
C、All the managerial positions added during the period from 1987 to 2007 were full time.
D、There were altogether 614,000 teaching positions in the United States in 2007.
答案A
解析 推理判断题。A“过去20年里大学的人员构成发生了变化”，这与文章内容相符，由第一段可知后勤人员、教师和管理人员的数量有了不同程度的增长，而从第七段第一句可知，在过去20年里产生了一些新的后勤岗位，这都说明人员构成发生了变化。B“过去20年里全职讲师的人数增加了63万人”，这与文章倒数第二段的内容不相符，实际上这63万人中有四分之三是兼职，故排除；C“1987至2007年间增加的管理岗位都是全职的”与末段内容不相符，由末段可知“增加的管理岗位基本都是全职的”，故排除；D“2007年全美共有61．4万个教师岗位”，这与倒数第二段内容不相符，61．4万是1987年的数字，故排除。
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