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  3. Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960’s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federal

Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960’s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federal

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问题    Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960’s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failures rates. Even 15 years after the program was implemented, minority business, receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’s total receipts.
   Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting larger, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a Minority Enterprise Small Business Investment Company or MESBIC. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.
   MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques  and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than docs simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority business already exist through the sponsoring companies the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC’ s far above the legal minimum of ＄ 500,00 in order to generate sufficient in- come and to sustain the quality of management needed. MESBIC’s are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises.
   Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the "social responsibility approach" and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC’s and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course is followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to recreate the disappointing results of the original SBA approach.
Which of the following does the author cite to support the conclusion that the results of the SBA program were disappointing?
选项 A、The small number of new minority enterprises formed as a result of the program.
B、The small number of minority enterprises that took advantage of the management and technical assistance offered under the program.
C、The small percentage of nation’s business receipts earned by minority enterprises following the programs, implementation.
D、The small percentage of recipient minority enterprises that were able to repay federally guaranteed loans made under the program.
答案C
解析 该题问：哪一项被作者引用来说明SBA计划是令人失望的?A项意为“由此计划而建立的少数民族企业很少”，本文没有提及。B项意为“从此计划中受到管理和技术上帮助的少数民族企业很少”，本文没有提及。C项意为“此计划实行后，少数民族企业的收入占国民收入的份额很小”，在文中的第一段找到线索；Even 15 years after the program was implemented，minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’s total receipts(即使在实行此计划15年后，少数民族企业收入也只占国民经济收入的2%不到)。原文就是用这个比例数字来论证SBA计划的结果使人失望。因此C项为正确选项。D项意为“此计划中只有很少一部分少数民族企业能归还联邦贷款”。原文没有提到。
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