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  3. Why has life flourished on Earth? This question has a two-part, answer. First, Earth has been a cradle for life because of its p

Why has life flourished on Earth? This question has a two-part, answer. First, Earth has been a cradle for life because of its p

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问题     Why has life flourished on Earth? This question has a two-part, answer. First, Earth has been a cradle for life because of its position relative to the Sun. Second, once life began on Earth, simple early life-forms (photosynthetic bacteria) slowly but inexorably altered the environment in a manner that not only maintained life but also paved the way for later, complex life-forms. These changes allowed later organisms to evolve and thrive. Humans and other higher organisms owe their life-supporting environment to these early life-forms.
    Earth’s earliest atmosphere contained several gases: hydrogen, water vapor, ammonia, nitrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide, but no oxygen. Gas mixtures emitted from present-day volcanoes resemble this early atmosphere, suggesting its origin from volcanic eruptions. In Earth’s earliest atmosphere, methane and carbon dioxide occurred at much higher levels than at present—a circumstance that was favorable for early life. Methane and carbon dioxide are greenhouse gases that warm atmospheres by retarding loss of heat to space. These two gases kept Earth warm during the Sun’s early history, when the Sun did not bum as brightly as it now does. (An early dim period, with later brightening, is normal for stars of our Sun’s type.)
    Earth’s modern atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen gas, 21 percent oxygen, and about 1 percent argon, water vapor, ozone, and carbon dioxide, differs dramatically from the earliest atmosphere just described. The modern atmosphere supports many forms of complex life that would not have been able to exist in Earth’s first atmosphere because the oxygen level was too low. Also, if atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide were as abundant now as they were in Earth’s earliest atmosphere, the planet’s temperature would likely be too hot for most species living today. How and when did the atmosphere change?
    The answer to this riddle lies in the metabolic activity of early photosynthetic life-forms that slowly but surely transformed the chemical composition of Earth’s atmosphere. Some of these early organisms were photosynthetic relatives of modem cyanobacteria (blue-green bacteria). In the process of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide gas combined with water yields oxygen. In Earth’s early days, all over the planet countless photosynthetic bacteria performed photosynthesis. Together, these ancient bacteria removed massive amounts of carbon dioxide from Earth’s atmosphere by converting it to solid organic carbon. These ancient bacteria also released huge quantities of oxygen into the atmosphere. Other ancient bacteria consumed methane, greatly reducing its amount in the atmosphere. When our Sun later became hotter, the continued removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane by early bacteria kept Earth’s climate from becoming too hot to sustain life. Modern cyanobacteria still provide these valuable services today.
In Paragraph 2, why does the author provide the information that methane and carbon dioxide kept the Earth warm during the Sun’s early history?
选项 A、To explain how the early Earth and the early Sun were related.
B、To support the claim that methane and carbon dioxide are greenhouse gases.
C、To explain why the high levels of methane and carbon dioxide in Earth’s early atmosphere were favorable for early life.
D、To suggest that these gases affect how brightly the Sun burns.
答案C
解析 本题为细节题，在文中第2段找到题干对应内容后可发现，作者提到甲烷和二氧化碳能保持地球温度是为了解释其前一句，也就是为什么“甲烷和二氧化碳的浓度高适合当时早期生命的生存”的原因。因此C项正确。A项“解释早期地球和早期太阳的关系”在文中无提及。可排除。B项“为了支持‘甲烷和二氧化碳是温室气体’这一说法”，属于强加联系，也可排除。D项“为了说明这些气体是如何影响太阳燃烧的”在文中也没被提及。
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