2. 外语
  3. The sensation of pain cannot accurately be described as "located" at the point of an injury, or, for that matter, in any one pla

The sensation of pain cannot accurately be described as "located" at the point of an injury, or, for that matter, in any one pla

admin2019-02-01  40
问题     The sensation of pain cannot accurately be described as "located" at the point of an injury, or, for that matter, in any one place in the nerves or brain. Rather, pain signals—and pain relief—are delivered through a highly complex interacting circuitry.
    When a cell is injured, a rush of prostaglandin’ s sensitizes nerve endings at the injury. Prostaglandins are chemicals produced in and released from virtually all mammalian cells when they are injured: these are the only pain signals that do not originate in the nervous sys- tern. Aspirin and other similar drugs(such as indomethacin and ibuprofen)keep prostaglandins from being made by interfering with an enzyme known as prostaglandin synthetase, or cyclooxy- genase. The drugs’ effectiveness against pain is proportional to their success in blocking this enzyme at the site of injury.
    From nerve endings at the injury, pain signals move to nerves feeding into the spinal cord. The long, tubular membranes of nerve cells carry electrical impulses. When electrical impulses get to the spinal cord, a pain-signaling chemical known as substance P is released there. Substance P then excites nearby neurons to send impulses to the brain. Local anesthetics such as novo-caine and xylocaine work by blocking the electrical transmission along nerves in a particular area. They inhibit the flow of sodium ions through the membranes, making the nerves electrically quiescent; thus no pain signals are sent to the spinal cord or to the brain.
    Recent discoveries in the study of pain have involved the brain itself—the supervising organ that notices pain signals and that sends messages down to the spinal cord to regulate incoming pain traffic. Endorphins-—the brain ’ s own morphine—are a class of small peptides that help to block pain signals within the brain itself. The presence of endor- phins may also help to explain differences in response to pain signals, since individuals seem to differ in their ability to produce endorphins. It now appears that a number of techniques for blocking chronic pain—such as acupuncture and electrical stimulation of the central brain stem—involve the release of endorphins in the brain and spinal cord.
According to the passage, which of the following is one of the first things to occur when cells are injured?
选项 A、The flow of electrical impulses through nerve cells at the site of the injury is broken.
B、The production of substance P traveling through nerve cells to the brain increases.
C、Endorphins begin to speed up the response of nerve cells at the site of the injury.
D、A flood of prostaglandins sensitizes nerve endings at the site of the injury.
E、Nerve cells connected to the spinal cord become electrically quiescent.
答案D
解析 细胞受伤后，哪个最先发生?最先发生的，应为原文第二段的描写。∴D正确。前列腺素刺激受伤部位神经末梢。见原文L8—10。A．“electrical impulses”第三段内容。B．“substance P”第三段内容。C．“endorphins”第四段内容。E．神经细胞变得无法放电信号。第三段内容。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/c2kO777K
本试题收录于： GMAT VERBAL题库GMAT分类
0

GMAT VERBAL

GMAT

相关试题推荐
随机试题
最新回复(0)