首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals to
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals to
admin
2014-03-15
26
问题
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家) Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless Partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what wakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are conditioned to confront with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively even when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness, is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (便形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin (糖精) by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.
The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Ader’s experiment was that ______
选项
A、the sweetener was poisonous to them
B、their immune systems had been altered by the mind
C、they had been weakened physically by the saccharin
D、they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning
答案
B
解析
由最后一段可知,Ader(在条件反射的实验后)又使老鼠接触糖精。这次他虽未给老鼠注射药,可却惊奇地发现,有些老鼠死了。因此可见,是精神(the mind)作用导致了老鼠的死亡。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/c3hi777K
0
在职申硕(同等学力)英语
相关试题推荐
Severalyearsagoduringthedot-compassion,ManhattanlawyerJohnKennedysometimesworeadarkbluesuittomeetpotentialIn
Whichofthefollowingisthebestwordtodescribetheexperiments?Helpingothersisabehaviorthatislargelyinfluencedby
Someofthesestudies(haveshown)thatalthoughsomepeoplehavetrouble(tofallasleep),othershavean(equally)difficultt
Daltonwonderedwhytheheavierandlightergasesintheatmospheredidnotseparateasoilandwaterdo.Hefinallyconcludedt
Havingcomefromanaffluentsociety,Dickfounditdifficulttoadjusttoasmall,countrytown.
(Witnesses)ofthecrime(finddifficult)toexplain(why)they(didn’t)callthepolice.
Ifthose"madmoments"--whenyoucan’trememberwhatyourfriendhastoldyouorwhereyouleftyourkeys--arebecomingmorefre
Zooshavebecomeanimportantsiteforthepreservationandprotectionofwildliferesources,【C1】______thosespeciesthatareen
Therearesomeearthphenomenayoucancounton,butthemagneticfield,somesay,isnotoneofthem.Itfluctuatesinstrength
IpreferchickentofishbecauseIamworriedaboutaccidentallyswallowingasmallbone.
随机试题
下列表达式计算结果为日期类型的是( )。
何谓生理盲点?有何临床意义?
A.X线片可见蒂状、鹿角状或血丘状骨性凸起B.X线片可见“日光射线”现象C.X线片可见Codman三角D.X线片可见葱皮状骨膜反应E.X线片可见肥皂泡样骨质破坏阴影骨软骨瘤病人可能出现
“符合平滑肌肉瘤”的临床涵义是
雷尼替丁属于哪类H2受体拮抗剂
A.淋巴转移和种植B.血行转移和淋巴转移C.直接蔓延和种植D.直接蔓延和淋巴转移E.血行转移子宫颈癌主要播散的方式
某公司拟新建一车间用以生产受市场欢迎的甲产品,据预测甲产品投产后每年可创造320万元的现金净流量,但公司原生产的A产品会因此受到影响,使其年收入由原来的100万元降低到80万元。假设所得税税率为25%,则与新建车间生产甲产品项目相关的现金净流量为(
下列关于记账凭证的保管说法不正确的是()。
A、Theimportanceofeducation.B、Thedistinctionbetweenschoolingandeducation.C、Theimportanceofeducation.D、Educationand
GoogleClosesInonDoubleClickDealScoreoneforGoogle.TheFederalTradeCommissionruledDee.20thatitwouldnotbloc
最新回复
(
0
)