首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In describing the way a seafloor disturbance such as movement along a fault reshapes the sea surface into a tsunami, mode
In describing the way a seafloor disturbance such as movement along a fault reshapes the sea surface into a tsunami, mode
admin
2011-01-17
62
问题
In describing the way a seafloor disturbance such as movement along a fault
reshapes the sea surface into a tsunami, modelers assume the sea-surface
displacement is identical to that of the ocean bottom, but direct measurements
Line of seafloor motion have never been available. Researchers presently use an
(5) idealized model of the quake: they assume that the crustal plates slip past one
another along a simple, rectangular plane. As modelers scramble to guide
tsunami survey teams immediately after an earthquake, only the orientation of
the assumed fault plane and the quake’s location, magnitude and depth can be
interpreted from the seismic data alone.
(10) As all other parameters must be estimated, this first simulation frequently
underestimates inundation, which can signify that the initial tsunami height was
also understated when the single-plane fault model distributes seismic energy
over too large an area. Analyses of seismic data cannot resolve energy
distribution patterns any shorter than the seismic waves themselves, which
(15) extend for several hundred kilometers, but long after the tsunami strikes land,
modelers can work backward from records of run-up and additional earthquake
data to refine the tsunami’s initial height. For example, months of aftershocks
eventually reveal patterns of seismic energy that are concentrated in regions
much smaller than the original, single-plane fault model assumed. When seismic
(20) energy is focused in a smaller area, the vertical motion of the seafloor-and
therefore the initial tsunami height-is greater. Satisfactory simulations are
difficult, but improve immeasurably scientists’ ability to make better
predictions.
Propagation of the tsunami transports seismic energy away from the
(25) earthquake site through undulations of the water, just as shaking moves the
energy through the earth. At this point, the wave height is so small compared
with both the wavelength and the water depth that researchers can apply linear
wave theory, which predicts that the velocity of tsunami increases with the
depth of the water and the length of the wave. This dependence of wave speed
(30) on water depth means that refraction by bumps and grooves on the seafloor can
shift the wave’s direction, especially as it travels into shallow water. In
particular, wave fronts tend to align parallel to the shoreline so that they wrap
around a protruding headland before smashing into it with greatly focused
incident energy. At the same time, each individual wave must also slow down
(35) because of the decreasing water depth, so they begin to overtake one another,
decreasing the distance between them in a process called shoaling. Refraction
and shoaling squeeze the same amount of energy into a smaller volume of water,
creating higher waves and faster currents. In the last stage of evolution,
inundation and run-up, in which a tsunami may run ashore as a breaking wave or
(40) a wall of water or a tide-like flood, the wave height is now so large that it is
difficult to assess the complicated interaction between the water and the shoreline.
The passage best supports the conclusion that
选项
A、discovery of more precise means of measuring seafloor earthquake magnitude may someday assist researchers in modeling tsunamis.
B、because of the labor-intensive nature of tsunami prediction, scientists are unlikely to be able to provide a reasonably accurate description of tsunami generation in the near future
C、the single-plane fault model may, with certain revisions, become perfectly accurate in describing tsunamis
D、through further study of tsunami models, scientists will be one day be able to predict the generation of tsunamis in advance
E、insufficient run-up and earthquake data exists to fully comprehend the mathematical principles behind tsunamis at present
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/c6jO777K
本试题收录于:
GRE VERBAL题库GRE分类
0
GRE VERBAL
GRE
相关试题推荐
Ishouldliketorentahouse,modern,comfortableand______,inaquietplace.
Lyinginhospital,thepatient______theoutsideworldbywatchingnewsprogramsonTVeveryday.
Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafunfilled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeveratta
Wesubstitutefish______meatseveraltimesaweek.
Diana:Lookatthosestrangely-dressedkids.Whataretheydoingthere?Arthur:Don’tyouknow?TodayistheHalloweenDay.【D
Ifacubehasatotalsurfaceareaof96,whatisitsvolume?
SERENDIPITOUS:CALCULATION::
Thisconfoundingissue______activistsacrosstheboard:evenwhenamovementdoeshavespecificdemandsandrecommendations,the
OBDURATE:
Inherlateryears,BerthaPappenheimwasanapostleofnoblebutalready(i)______notions,alwaysrespectedforherintegrity,
随机试题
A、强制管理传染病B、监测管理传染病C、严格管理传染病D、不必进行管理的传染病E、不必向卫生防疫机构报告疫情霍乱()
孕妇的氮平衡为
直肠癌的首选检查方法是
行政机关进行检查的过程,有误的是()。
期货公司的交易保证金不足,期货交易所未按规定通知期货公司追加保证金的,由于行情向持仓不利的方向变化导致期货公司透支发生的扩大损失,期货交易所应当承担主要赔偿责任,赔偿额不超过损失的()。
下列关于园林的描述,不正确的是()。
党的十九大进一步明确了决胜全面建成小康社会的战略安排。其中,决胜全面建成小康社会三大攻坚战的首要战役是
设x>0时,f(x)可导,且满足:f(x)=1+∫1xf(t)dt,求f(x).
EllenPaospentthelastfewyearsspotlightingthetechnologyindustry’slackofdiversity,incourtandbeyond.EricaBakerca
"LearningCenter"Whatdoesthemanagreetodo?
最新回复
(
0
)